Free Essays on Software Quality Assurance Plan

Software Engineering Project Abstract This document describes the standards, procedures, and conventions to be followed by all Software Engineering Project teams in developing their projects. These standards ensure software quality throughout the duration of the project. 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Purpose 5 1.2 Process Modifications 5 1.3 Software Engineering Projects 5 1.4 Teams 6 1.5 Personnel Involved 6 1.5.1 C# Programmer 7 1.5.2 ASP.NET Programmer 7 1.5.3 Clients 8 1.5.4 Database Programmer 8 1.5.5 Project Manager 8 1.5.6 Software Administrative Group (SAG) 9 1.5.7 Technical Representative 10 1.6 Intellectual Property (IP) 10 1.7 Group Directory 11 2 Reference Documents 12 2.1 Documents Produced 12 2.2 References Used 12 3 Management 14 4 Documentation 15 4.1 Documents Produced 15 4.1.1 Software Project Management Plan (SPMP) 15 4.1.2 Software Requirements Specification (SRS) 15 4.1.3 Software Design Description (SDD) 15 4.1.4 Test Plan (TP) 15 4.1.5 Technical Report (TR) 16 4.1.6 User Documentation (UD) 16 4.1.7 Progress Report 16 5 Standards, Practices and Conventions 17 5.1 Communication Procedures 17 5.1.1 Meeting Procedures 17 5.1.1.1 Before the Meeting 17 5.1.1.2 During the Meeting 18 5.1.1.3 After the Meeting 19 5.1.2 Type of Meeting 19 5.1.3 Work Session 20 5.1.3.1 Team Communication 20 5.1.3.2 Client Communication 20 5.1.3.3 340/440 Communication 21 5.1.3.4 Supervisor Communication 21 5.2 Documentation Standards 21 5.3 File and Directory Standards 22 5.3.1 File Naming Conventions 22 5.3.2 CVS Commit Procedure 23 5.3.3 Directory Navigation Aids 23 5.4 Task Allocation and Tracking Procedure 23 5.5 Process Improvement Procedure 24 6 Reviews and Audits 25 6.1 Reviews 26 6.1.1 Internal Reviews 26 6.2 Audits 27 6.2.1 Internal Audit 27 7 Configuration Management 28 7.1 Key Aspects of Configuration Management 28 7.2 Identifying... Free Essays on Software Quality Assurance Plan Free Essays on Software Quality Assurance Plan Software Engineering Project Abstract This document describes the standards, procedures, and conventions to be followed by all Software Engineering Project teams in developing their projects. These standards ensure software quality throughout the duration of the project. 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Purpose 5 1.2 Process Modifications 5 1.3 Software Engineering Projects 5 1.4 Teams 6 1.5 Personnel Involved 6 1.5.1 C# Programmer 7 1.5.2 ASP.NET Programmer 7 1.5.3 Clients 8 1.5.4 Database Programmer 8 1.5.5 Project Manager 8 1.5.6 Software Administrative Group (SAG) 9 1.5.7 Technical Representative 10 1.6 Intellectual Property (IP) 10 1.7 Group Directory 11 2 Reference Documents 12 2.1 Documents Produced 12 2.2 References Used 12 3 Management 14 4 Documentation 15 4.1 Documents Produced 15 4.1.1 Software Project Management Plan (SPMP) 15 4.1.2 Software Requirements Specification (SRS) 15 4.1.3 Software Design Description (SDD) 15 4.1.4 Test Plan (TP) 15 4.1.5 Technical Report (TR) 16 4.1.6 User Documentation (UD) 16 4.1.7 Progress Report 16 5 Standards, Practices and Conventions 17 5.1 Communication Procedures 17 5.1.1 Meeting Procedures 17 5.1.1.1 Before the Meeting 17 5.1.1.2 During the Meeting 18 5.1.1.3 After the Meeting 19 5.1.2 Type of Meeting 19 5.1.3 Work Session 20 5.1.3.1 Team Communication 20 5.1.3.2 Client Communication 20 5.1.3.3 340/440 Communication 21 5.1.3.4 Supervisor Communication 21 5.2 Documentation Standards 21 5.3 File and Directory Standards 22 5.3.1 File Naming Conventions 22 5.3.2 CVS Commit Procedure 23 5.3.3 Directory Navigation Aids 23 5.4 Task Allocation and Tracking Procedure 23 5.5 Process Improvement Procedure 24 6 Reviews and Audits 25 6.1 Reviews 26 6.1.1 Internal Reviews 26 6.2 Audits 27 6.2.1 Internal Audit 27 7 Configuration Management 28 7.1 Key Aspects of Configuration Management 28 7.2 Identifying...

Postal Service Wants to Offer Payday Loans

Postal Service Wants to Offer Payday Loans Even though it loses massive quantities of it every year, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) wants to loan you money. Short-term â€Å"payday† loans are just one of the financial services the USPS has proposed offering though Post Offices in order to serve the scores of American â€Å"unbanked† individuals and families, while protecting them from predatory payday lenders and, of course, bettering its own dismal financial status. According to a report from the USPS’ inspector general, one in four U.S. households lives at least partially outside the financial mainstream without bank accounts or using costly services like payday lenders – and spends an average of $2,412 each year just on interest and fees for such alternative financial services. â€Å"Many of the 34 million financially underserved households - representing 68 million adults - are treading water very close to the economic edge,† wrote the inspector general. â€Å"Unexpected expenses can push them over the brink into homelessness or bankruptcy, which come with broad social and economic costs.† The inspector general estimates the USPS could bring in almost $9 billion a year by capturing just 10% of the $89 billion spent on alternative financial services in the U.S. every year. â€Å"Postal financial services may appeal to many customers who feel abandoned by major financial institutions,† states the report. â€Å"Postal organizations have an unmatched ability to reach consumers from diverse backgrounds.† As the report notes, many international postal services are already garnering significant new revenue by offering financial services. Of course, the USPS also hopes to make money by charging interest on these short-term loans, but at a far lower rate than those charged by traditional payday lenders. USPS Brand Payday Loan vs. Traditional Payday Loans The USPS inspector general suggests the Postal Service could offer short-term – payday – loans with interest rates of 28%, compared to the average interest rate of 391% charged by traditional payday lenders. For example, a person borrowing $375 from a traditional payday lender would end up having to pay back a total of about $896, including $521 in interest and fees. The same $375 borrowed from the USPS would end up costing only $423, including $48 in interest and fees. â€Å"That single loan from the Postal Service could effectively put $472 back into a consumer’s pocket, which he or she could then use on more economically productive expenses,† stated the report. â€Å"If even one-tenth of the 12 million Americans who take out a payday loan each year got this hypothetical Postal Loan instead, they could collectively save more than half a billion dollars a year in fees and interest.† In addition, says the inspector general, short-term Postal Service loans would allow the estimated 10 million unbanked U.S. households which cannot afford high-interest rate payday loans to borrow the money they need. â€Å"There is a wide range of consumers who need access to small-dollar credit, and the Postal Loan could strongly appeal to these different types of borrowers,† noted the inspector general. â€Å"For example, people whose income varies throughout the year, consumers with no other avenues to credit, families with unexpected expenses, and others.† Finally, contends the report, affordable Postal Service loans would help people break the â€Å"cycle of debt,† that forces them to borrow more money to make payments on existing loans. According to a 2104 report from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, more than 80% of payday loans are either extended or followed by another loan less than two weeks later. While the â€Å"average† interest rate for traditional payday loans may be 391%, the Consumer Federation of America (CFA) has warned consumers of online payday lenders charging interest rates of 650% USPS Vows Not to Compete with Banks If you own a bank, don’t worry. The inspector general makes it perfectly clear that the USPS has no intention of becoming a bank or even competing with banks. Instead, says his report, in offering small short-term loans and other financial services, the Postal Service would â€Å"greatly complement† the services offered by banks. Correctly noting that banks are closing branches in inner city low-income and rural areas nationwide, the inspector general says the USPS would help banks â€Å"fill the gaps in their efforts to reach the underserved.† And remember, â€Å"The Postal Service also is among the most trusted companies in America, and trust is a critical element for implementing financial services,† he added. Also See: Postal Services Wants to Deliver Groceries

What's the difference between the hacker's viewpoint on access to Research Paper - 1

What's the difference between the hacker's viewpoint on access to information on the Web and yours - Research Paper Example They are highly despised and avoided. Being a hacker is a one-way ticket to being an outcast, both socially and morally. These points show that hackers are not just talented programmers but are also really intelligent people with a great IQ. But their presence has been marred by a similar, but little known class of separate computer geeks known as crackers. The website THE JARGON FILE identifies them as Therein lies the whole mystery of the famous cyber war and confusion of the entire world, Crackers do it and hackers have to face the consequences. Crackers are the ones who love to look into people personal accounts all over the world by getting past security passes. And as people are not knowledgeable about it so they blame the poor hackers. Even the Encarta dictionary tells about the difference between them: â€Å"cracker is someone who is a computer user, and who gains unauthorized access, to a computer or system data, belonging to someone else, and hacker is somebody who is interested or skilled in computer technology and programming.† Hackers first got recognition in 19060s by the hacker culture around TMRC an the MIT labs. This term was used by teenage radio hams and electronic tinkerers in the mid-1950s. This community world-wide is very protective of their rights and cultures. And have many variant points on their work and how it affects the normal human community. The normal human community deems them unsafe. The many questions asked are , can hackers be trusted, do they do any good, how do we identify them. This paper will answer these questions while following the following points of interest: The hackers are a community of highly intelligent people, who are intent on making the internet a better and friendlier place to be. All they require in return is unlimited access to all the possible internet they can have. But they certainly don’t in any way require

CUSTOMERS PORTFOLIO AS MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENT Essay

CUSTOMERS PORTFOLIO AS MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENT - Essay Example The implementation of these strategies must however be done in a manner that can guarantee that the strategic management plans of the companies are up to date with changing situations on the market (Levinsohn and Williams, 2004). This means that the search and implementation of strategic management plans must be undertaken as a holistic process that includes all stakeholders who have a role to play in the success of the company. In relation to this argument, Labovitz (2005), identifies the place of the customer in having a very formidable strategic management plan for the modern global economic market. It has been said that the customer is no longer a passive member of the corporate society but an active member of it (Khurana, 2002). Because of this, the need to always include customers in the planning of the company is very relevant and inevitable. With this understanding in mind, the current report is prepared to identify the place of the customer in a typical modern business and o utline ways in which companies can make use of the all new concept of customer portfolio to maximise the benefits they can make of their customer base. 2.0 Theoretical Framework A waterfall approach to the theoretical understanding of the concept of customer portfolio is developed. This approach involves the strategic review of what exists in literature as the place of customers in business entities. After this understanding has been developed, there will then be a deduction of what the definition of customer portfolio is, based on what is deduced in literature. 2.1 Customers as assets Writing on the place of customers in a typical business entity, Kets de Vries (2003) explained that the best way for companies to make the best out of their customers is to understand the place of customers as assets to the company. Commonly, the assets of companies are judged as either being tangible or intangible, with much emphasis and focus on those things that can be utilised by the company for r evenue generation purposes (Nutt, 2004). Labovitz and Rosansky (2007) laments that hardly are customers envisioned and classified as having the potential of generating revenues for the company. What companies have done over the years is to see the customer as the source of revenue, rather than a generator of revenue. But this perception is said to be erroneous, especially in cases where companies want to make the best out of their customers. As assets, customers will be seen as tangible resources that ought to be managed so as to ensure that they are transformed into revenues (Morrison and Milliken, 2000). Giving a practical explanation of how customers could act as assets, Roberts, Swanson and Dinneen, J. (2004) said that every company that has a formidable database of its customers would realise that each customer has a specific fiscal wealth they account to the customer. Since assets are also quantified as fiscal wealth, customers can be said to be assets. 2.2 Customers as stakeh olders Farrell (2004) joins a school of thought that argues that customers may best be seen as stakeholders if companies want to make the most of them. As stakeholders, customers have been explained as people, having a say in the planning and decision making process of the company. This way, customers may be included in decision making in two major ways. The first of these ways is active inclusion, which requires companies to have a mechanism by which views of customers will be collected and considered while taking management level decisions (Sankar, 2003). There is also a passive inclusion of customers as stakeholders in decision making, where the company uses a strategy to identify the views and thoughts of customers about the company and make decisions that

Education System in Desperate need of Change Essay Example for Free

Education System in Desperate need of Change Essay Sir William Haley once said, â€Å"Education would be so much more effective if its purpose were to ensure that by the time they leave school every boy and girl should know how much they don’t know, and be imbued with a lifelong desire to know it†. If students were guaranteed to leave school with knowing of what they don’t know and the desire to continue learning, the method of learning will be correct. Today’s education system does not give students the opportunity to enjoy what they are learning. The banking method, where students are empty vessels which educators must deposit knowledge into, deprives them of creativity and the desire to learn. No child is given the chance to shine and be unique. Students today are simply being placed on a conveyer belt, sorted, and then labeled according to their so called intelligence. We need an education system that provides a slower learning method, a method where you focus on what is being learned instead of zipping through it, and the freedom to make mistakes as this will electrify and stimulate students to fulfill their potential. We must recognize students as individuals and keep in mind their diverse backgrounds. In â€Å"Lives on the Boundary,† Rose states, â€Å"The canon has intended to push to the margins much of the literature of our nation: from American Indian songs and chants to immigrant fiction to working-class narratives† (100). The messages that are received from the text are crucial. The students need to be able to relate to what they have before them. One of the problems with today’s education system is we are given material to read, memorize, and expected to repeat it back at the snap of a finger. But without the ability to relate and connect with the material, the learning doesn’t take place. Everything that is read or being said is just going through one ear and out the other. By adding relatable texts, you add life to learning. In â€Å"Learning in the Key of Life,† Jon Spayde states, â€Å"people cannot learn what they do not love† (69). When students are reading or learning about a subject they love, they are inspired and motivated to learn more. This alone can benefit the learning process for students. It becomes much easier to grasp concepts learned in class. Today’s education system does not allow all students to thrive in their own way. It is fast paced with limited space for creativeness. We are given large amounts of information at a time and attempt to move as quickly as possible through all that we can. There is never â€Å"time† to stay longer on a topic. The instructors try their hardest to keep the pace, but this way of teaching does not benefit any student. In â€Å"Learning in the Key of Life†, Jon Spayde states, â€Å"†¦we are focusing far too much of our energy and resources on fast knowledge, ignoring all the richness and meaning slow knowledge adds to our lives† (68). When the focus is on just getting through the material, we are skipping over the value and richness of slow knowledge. Instead of zipping through a lesson because it needs to be done by a certain day to move onto the next, the focus needs to be on what is being learned than making a time requirement. Spayde also states, â€Å"You can figure out what you can do pretty quickly, but the ethical understanding of what you ought to do comes slowly†. We need to adopt the slow learning method, without it we are missing out on more than we think. There is so much more to learning than getting through the material, the purpose of it is to benefit and gain from it. With slow knowledge we will achieve this. One of the most important changes that needs to be done is the view on mistakes. In the article, â€Å"How to Make Mistakes,† Dennett states, â€Å"Mistakes are not just golden opportunities for learning; they are, in an important sense, the only opportunity for learning something truly new†. When fear is being put into a student to never make a mistake, their education is stunted. They lose the ability to explore and take the chance of being wrong because they are repeatedly punished for being incorrect. When a mistake is made, students will learn where they went wrong and will then grow from it. The key to progress is making mistakes. The reason we are in school is to learn, but with this opportunity taken away from students their ability to learn is ripped from their grasp. Daniel C. Dennett also states, â€Å"You should seek out opportunities to make grand mistakes, just so you can then recover from them†. Instead of using all of their energy to attempt to be perfect and run from being inaccurate, every student should look for every opportunity to be wrong. Without errors, the students can not accomplish much. If you look at Todays’ education system is in desperate need of change. No student is given the opportunity to show what they are fully capable of. Instead they are told what they can do. They are simply labeled and placed where they â€Å"should be†. But when students begin to pursue their mistakes and soak in the richness of slow knowledge, they will begin to truly learn. Maria Montessori once said, â€Å"If education is always to be conceived along the same antiquated lines of a mere transmission of knowledge, there is little to be hoped from it in the bettering of mans future. For what is the use of transmitting knowledge if the individuals total development lags behind? †. If many students are having difficulty learning in the method we have created ages ago, why not change it? The time is now and there is no time to waste. We must refocus this outdated system to insure that the students will have a secure future and keep the standard of living that we have today.

Nathan The Wise :: essays research papers

Continually present in Gotthold Lessing’s play, Nathan the Wise, is the pursuit for truth. In particular, a truth that goes beyond religion, one that reaches to the depths of humanity: human nature’s freedom. In his play, Lessing reveals the freedom of human nature among mankind through the bonds of friendship. Furthermore, Lessing conveys an optimistic view of human nature in such a way that left to its own devices, human nature will seek the goodness of mankind and fraternity. Friendship in its purest form is not bound to the confines of religious differences, social status, or selfishness. Without religion or society imposing its ideals, human nature is free to pursue truth and seek the goodness in mankind while bonding in friendship. A selfless act is good but good is not an act done for recognition. To Nathan, part of friendship is giving of oneself without receiving. The Templar shows his selflessness when Nathan offers the Templar riches for rescuing his daughter from a fire, but the Templar declines any praise with anti-Semitic insults, â€Å"Permit what, Jew?† (211). The Templar’s refusal, although harsh, seemed to affirm the goodness Nathan saw in the young man, â€Å"A modest greatness would hide behind the monstrous, merely to escape admiration† (212). The lengths the Templar went to in order to save a life is a testament in itself of his goodness, far more powerful than his insults, "I find it strange that such an ugly spot [on Templar’s robe], soiled by the fire, bears better witness than a man’s own lips† (212). For Nathan, friends do not concern themselves with social status, religious beliefs, or titles; but rather, they can distinguish between the man and the facade. In Nathan’s words, "are Jew and Christian, Jew and Christian first and human beings second?" (214). In Act II, Scene IV, Nathan makes an attempt to thank the Templar for fleeing Temptation on behalf of his daughter. In which the Templar replies, â€Å"You know how the Templars ought to think.† Seemingly shocked, Nathan says, â€Å"Templars alone? and merely ought?. . .I know how good men think; I know as well that all lands bear good men† (213). Nathan is not concerned with the Templar’s position which is a mere robe but with the man behind the guise. A Templar is one of many, but a man is one alone both individual and unique. Human nature is not bound by the mind but is shown through the heart in friendship.

Music Concert Paper

Emily Scott Music Appreciation 28 Feburary 2013 West Michigan Concert Winds Concert On February 24th, I attended the West Michigan Concert Winds â€Å"Winner and Winds† concert. West Michigan Concert Winds is a volunteer group that performs instrumental music to the community. This ensemble contains a wide range of musical talents from all different backgrounds. Some members are college students, some teachers. There was also many current or retired band directors apart of the ensemble. They performed all different genres of music from a Sousa march to an Irish wake by A.J. Potter. There was also a scholarship acceptance performance by a local high school junior who was amazing at the clarinet. The first song was titled â€Å"Fanfare for Saint Cecilia. † This piece was composed for Saint Cecilia on a special occasion called â€Å"Three Countries Day. † This is an example like we talked about in class where a composer had a job of composing music for a certain eve nt because prerecorded music wasn’t available at that time. The song had a magnificent and triumphant feel to it with many brass heavy parts specifically trumpet.Woodwinds played the accompaniment underneath but were not heard exclusively. Some parts I liked about this piece was the overall excitement that it had and the energy that the ensemble put into it. It was very easy to tell that the instrumentalists enjoyed playing the song. Polka and Fugue from the Opera â€Å"Schwanda, The Bag Piper† was another piece I found fascinating. It was a Chek Folk tale which told the story about the lonely bag piper and his adventures. It started out with the woodwinds playing the theme of a cheery thrill note and triplet.The feel of the music was cheery and you were almost able to hear the story being told. I also enjoyed hearing the Fugue part of the song because that was also something we discussed in class. The fugue was characterized by imitation and variation on the imitation by different sections throughout the band. The band also played a Sousa but surprisingly this piece was not a march but a waltz. Although this song was characterized as a waltz, I felt like it had the elements of a march in it like clearly defined beats and ascending and descending full ensemble runs.The music was very bouncy and you could almost picture the dancers waltzing on stage. I was very impressed with the brass section because of their strong tone and intensity. I throughly enjoyed my experience of listening to The West Michigan Concert winds. I was impressed with the talent of the ensemble and the professional way they looked on stage. They provided a wide variety of music compositions and kept me entertained throughout the concert.

How the Characters of Macbeth and the Duke in My Last Duchess Can Be Considered to Be Disturbed Characters Essay

I am examining the characters of the Duke and Macbeth and how they can be considered disturbed characters. The play, ‘Macbeth’ and poem, ‘My Last Duchess’ both show psychological truths and insights into the characters. While the Duke shows himself to be disturbed straight away in the poem, Macbeth’s mental deterioration takes place and develops as the play proceeds. ‘Macbeth’ written by William Shakespeare and set in 1050 contains themes of status, power and death while ‘My Last Duchess’ by Robert Browning written in 1842 shows how status, wealth and the marriage market can affect a man’s life. Macbeth at first is a well-respected and liked character. He shows himself to be ‘brave’ and is given the position of the ‘Thane of Cawdor’. However when Banquo and Macbeth meet the witches in Act 1, Scene 3, he starts to become obsessed with power, ‘The greatest is behind’. This line sugg ests that Macbeth believes that he will become more powerful in terms of his social status, establishing that he believes the witch’s predictions to be true. In this scene Shakespeare uses the weather to affect the atmosphere and tone that the scene portrays to the audience. ‘Thunder’ is used to indicate the seriousness of the scene in terms of Macbeth’s future. However the thunder could also be seen as God showing his displeasure with Macbeth’s choice to listen to and believe the witches. In 1050 people believed in witches, but believed powers to see into the future or predictions, like the prophecy from the witches, came from the devil. The belief the witches and predictions were real, led the events that take place later in the play. Macbeth’s superstition show some insight into his mind-set as it was considered unholy to believe in anything but God. People in the 11th century would see Macbeth as disturbed as he believed in a divine intervention that isn’t his God, however now society would consider Macbeth to be troubled for believing in witches. Shakespeare uses iambic pentameter to show the tension and eventual guilt that Macbeth feels in Act 2, Scene 2 during a dialogue with Lady Macbeth. The couple share lines which changes the speed and tone of their conversation. ‘Did not you speak? When? Now. As I descended?’ The playwright uses short sentences and sharing lines to show that they are having a tense argument. The dialogue also displays how Lady Macbeth can assert control over her husband. ‘You do unbend the noble, strength to think’ as she considered him to be a ‘coward.’ Lady Macbeth’s language towards Macbeth is negative as she believes her husband is too weak to fulfil the predications of the witches and make her Queen. However Macbeth’s dilemma is obvious as he is planning to kill the King and his guilt over his plan makes this a key scene in Macbeth’s mental deterioration. The monarch in the early 11th was to be respected and people believed were divine rulers picked by God. By choosing to go against God and his King, Macbeth displays his want or obsession for power. Macbeth also reveals how disturbed he is in Act 3, Scene 4 and Act 2, Scene 1. In both scenes, Macbeth sees ghosts of hallucinations of a dagger and Banquo. His soliloquy about the dagger illustrates a guilty conscience and conflicted mind. ‘I have thee not, and yet I see thee still’ expresses that Macbeth is un-nerved and feels pressured into doing what his wife wants. Act 3, Scene 4 has a dramatic irony as Macbeth and the audience know that Macbeth murdered Banquo but the Thanes do not. Banquo can be considered a physical manifestation of his guilt, worry and remorse. The ghost never speaks; Shakespeare uses Banquo to confirm the feelings of Macbeth about the murder. It shows the extent of how conflicted he is about the death of Banquo and how power has gone to his head. Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony reveals to the audience what others can’t see. In Act 3, Scenes 3-4, it is revealed that Banquo has been killed. However the other Thanes do not know this. The scenes also reveal a symbolic fall from grace in terms of the social aspect of Macbeth’s life. When Macbeth was a Thane, he socialised with people who were above his social status. However as King, there is no-one who has a higher status than his which then leads Macbeth to associate with people of a lower class than the people he is obligated to. When talking to the murderers it is pointed out that ‘there is blood upon thy face’ which shows that Macbeth instigated the murder of a friends. The two scenes symbolise how Macbeth has become infatuated with power and is willing to do anything to keep it. This exhibits his obsessive nature. Macbeth’s use of language in Act 5, Scene 5 infers that life is pointless. He suggests that life until we die means no thing. ‘Creeps in this petty pace from day To the last syllable of recorded time.’ During this scene he finds out Lady Macbeth died, showing the extent that he relies on his wife. Shakespeare uses the scene to tell the audience that you can’t control destiny and what happens in life. This relates to his disturbed mind as he tried to control his destiny. An emphasis is put on the fact the word ‘tomorrow’ is repeated. It implies that Macbeth won’t have a ‘tomorrow.’ Shakespeare uses language to show how much Macbeth has changed throughout the play. At first he was a respected character and gradually becomes more disturbed. Thus scene suggests that he is essentially lost and resigned to his fate. The Duke however is a possessive and materialistic character. This is shown through the title ‘My Last Duchess’. ‘My’ displays how even in death his last wife belongs to him even she won’t be his ‘Last Duchess’. The title also displays a theme of the marriage market and the ownership of women. This poem is set in Victorian times when women were considered and treated as trophy and weren’t given a choice in any aspect of his life. This can be referred back to his earlier statement of Ã¢â‚¬Ë œsince none puts by the curtain I have drawn for you but I).’ Browning’s use of personal pro-nouns such as ‘I’, and ‘My’ shows how possessive the Duke is. He only drew back the curtain to show off his most prized possession, his last wife. His need to control who sees the painting and his wife demonstrates the obsessive and disturbed nature of the Duke straight away, unlike Macbeth’s who’s mental state deteriorates throughout the text. The entire poem is an example of dramatic monologue. Through this, the Duke reveals what he thought of his last wife. It is one very long conversation, show the reader insights into the Dukes personal life and feeling. ‘Who’d stoop to blame this sort of trifling?’ The Duke feels that his wife disregards his ‘gift of a nine-hundred-year old name’ and prefers insignificant gifts such as ‘the bough of cherries’ or the ‘white mule.’ Through his later statement, he tries to make excuses for killing his wife. Browning uses enjambment to give the impression of a continued speech. When read aloud, this makes it hard to read the poem without stopping and starting as well as seeming arrogant as if boasting the Dukes achievements. Browning also shows that by commenting on certain subjects; in this instance his wife, can reveal more about the person making the comments than the subject itself. The Duke is materialistic, possessive and likes to show off. ‘(Since none puts by the curtain I have drawn for you).’ He believes the envoy should be honoured to see a painting of his wife by ‘Fra Pandolf.’ The Duke displays his need to control his wife and what they are doing through his control of the curtain that hides his wife. Furthermore, he has control over whether people see the painting and it symbolises his need for control, over his life and others. He uses artwork to control the uncontrollable such as his wife’s affections and others admiration. He reveals more than he intends to when he implies that he murdered his wife. ‘Then the smiles stopped altogether.’ It develops the idea that the term disturbed, for the Duke, means that he needs to be in control or he ‘commands’ for her to be killed or disposed of. Another interpretation of this quote could be that he locked ‘Fra Pandolf’ and his ‘Last Duchess’ up because the painter may have caused the ‘half-flush that dies along her throat’ In ‘My Last Duchess,’ Browning’s use of language indicates that while the words are polite, the meanings behind them are savage. The use of caesura cuts the poetry in half and the use of dashes dictates the Dukes tone. ‘I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped.’ While the line itself seems meaningless, his earlier statements such as ‘looking as if she were alive’ and ‘blame this sort of trifling’ gives the impression that he murdered or imprisoned his wife. Browning purposely uses the next lines to show the Duke has given to much away, ‘Will’t thee please rise?’ This refers to his psychological state as he has revealed that he doesn’t care about killing his spouse but he is worried about revealing too much to an envoy. An emphasis is put on his quick change of topic through the use of caesura, ‘As if alive. Will’t thee†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ It cuts the poetry in half and shows he has revealed too much into his personal life. After quickly changing the subject the Duke goes back to showing of his wealth. The final lines of the poem show a powerful image, ‘Notice Neptune, though. Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity.’ The imagery represents a man taming a woman, which suggests to the reader that women are inferior to men. A different perspective could be that women are animals that need to be tamed. The poem was written in 1842 when women were considered inferior to men and the image of Neptun e and his sea-horse represents this. The Duke once again returns to possessions, with all his money and power, he can’t buy love. The Duke doesn’t realise how much of himself he has given away throughout the criticism of his wife. It suggests that part of his disturbed nature comes from not have affection. The Duke and Macbeth are both similar characters as they both hold a high status and money. However while the ‘Thane of Cawdor’ and eventually ‘the King of Scotland’ holds his wife in high regard, the Duke is disrespectful towards his. A theme of both the poem and the play is how women act and how they were treated. In ‘My Last Duchess,’ the wife acts like a traditional wife in the 1800’s. She seems to be modest, ‘half flush that dies along her throat’ and easily pleased, ‘She looked on and her looks went everywhere.’ Women at the time were considered possessions and trophies by their father and later their husband. In contrast, Lady Macbeth is revealed to be the dominant partner. In Act 1, Scene 5, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are discussing murdering King Duncan. She asserts her control over him insults him and tells him not to give anything away. ‘Your face, my thane, is a book where men May read strange matters.’ Shakespeare depicts Lady Macbeth as an equal in her relationship, while Browning presents the Duchess as an obedient wife.

All Roads Lead to the Ancient Network of Roman Roads

All Roads Lead to the Ancient Network of Roman Roads The Romans created a network of roads all across the empire. Initially, they were built to move troops to and from trouble spots. They were also used for speedy communication and ease of pre-motorized travel. Roman roads, specifically  viae, were the veins and arteries of the Roman military system. Through these highways, armies could march across the Empire from the Euphrates to the Atlantic. They say, All roads lead to Rome. The idea probably comes from the so-called Golden Milestone (Milliarium Aureum), a marker in the Roman Forum listing the roads leading throughout the Empire and their distances from the milestone. Appian Way The most famous Roman road is the Appian Way (Via Appia) between Rome and Capua, built by the censor Appius Claudius (later, known as Ap. Claudius Caecus blind) in 312 B.C., site of his descendant Clodius Pulchers murder. A few years before the (virtually) gang warfare that led to Clodius death, the road was the site of the crucifixion of the followers of Spartacus when the combined forces of Crassus and Pompey finally put an end to the slave revolt. Via Flaminia In Northern Italy, the censor Flaminius made arrangements for another road, the Via Flaminia (to Ariminum), in 220 B.C. after the Gallic tribes had submitted to Rome. Roads in the Provinces As Rome expanded, it built many roads in the provinces for military and administrative purposes. The first roads in Asia Minor were built in 129 B.C. when Rome inherited Pergamum. The city of Constantinople  was at one end of the road known as the Egnatian Way (Via Egnatia [á ¼ËœÃŽ ³ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±Ãâ€žÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± á ½â€°ÃŽ ´ÃÅ'Ï‚]) The road, built in the second century B.C., went through the provinces of Illyricum, Macedonia, and Thrace, starting at the Adriatic at the city of Dyrrachium. It was constructed by order of Gnaeus Egnatius, proconsul of Macedonia. Roman Road Markings Milestones on the roads give the date of construction. During the Empire, the emperors name was included. Some would have provided a place for water for humans and horses. Their purpose was to show miles, so they might include distance in Roman miles to important places or the end point of the particular road. The roads did not have a foundation layer. Stones were laid directly on topsoil. Where the path was steep, steps were created. There were different paths for vehicles and for pedestrian traffic. Sources Colin M. Wells, Roger Wilson, David H. French, A. Trevor Hodge, Stephen L. Dyson, David F. Graf Roman Empire The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Brian M. Fagan, ed., Oxford University Press 1996Etruscan and Roman Roads in Southern Etruria, by J. B. Ward Perkins.  The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 47, No. 1/2. (1957), pp. 139-143.   A History of Rome to the Death of Caesar, by Walter Wybergh How, Henry Devenish Leigh; Longmans, Green, and Co., 1896.

Research Paper Format for College Students

Research Paper Format for College Students Everything You Need To Know About Research Papers If you are reading the article, you have probably faced some difficulties with completing a research paper but let me assure you that once you get familiar with the task, you will see how simple it actually is! Of course, it can’t be compared to a book review or a lab report and requires additional skills and instruments to succeed. Just remember: if you devote enough time to collecting relevant information and learn by heart how to structure a research paper, you will definitely get a high score! If you are genuinely interested in the subject, have new and fresh ideas it will be enjoyable to work on the assignment and will keep you motivated in the long run. Just relax and think of yourself as being a Sherlock in academic life At least for a while! Format of a Research Paper Basically, the structure of a research paper is similar to the one of a common essay but is a bit more difficult. In this article, you will not only get familiar with the format of the task but will also learn about different hooks and examples, which will help you to simplify your life. A research paper should also consist of an introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. There should also be a title, list of references and additional content if necessary. Sounds simple, doesn’t it? Unfortunately, when it comes to practice, the majority of students are anxious and don’t know where to start. The main goal of this article is to help you with understanding what a research paper is and how to write it with ease. Here are the main principles of completing a research paper: Your paper should always have a title; Plan your work beforehand, as it makes half of your future success. With a coherent plan it will be much easier to write the paper; Stick to a single writing style. Remember that your research paper should consist of clear and simple sentences, which explain the topic to people, who may have no idea about the subject you are discussing; Familiarize readers with your main ideas and subject in the introductory section. Explain the audience what you are going to discuss in body paragraphs; Body paragraphs should consist of credible information, references, examples, and quotations. You should also support your thesis and give an explanation of why your writing is relevant; When working on the conclusion, you need to paraphrase your thesis statement. Generalize everything you have discussed in your work and explain the text in common words; References and all the additional information should be written after the conclusion; Ask your tutor what formatting style to use, as they greatly differ from each other and choosing the wrong style may influence your grade. Working On The Title Most of the students think that writing a title page is surely the simplest part of the assignment. However, it is not entirely true, because the title page is the first thing the reader sees, and its quality makes the first impression. If you make it interesting and appealing, it will be much easier to hold the attention of the audience. Once your first page is completed, don’t hesitate to congratulate yourself with the fact that the beginning is done! Next, you need to write the contents of all the chapters your work includes, and other boring but important organizational moments. Don’t neglect using auto numeration, as it will greatly save your time. If you are not sure how to do it, just ask Google! Research Paper Introduction and Conclusion These sections are the Alpha and Omega of your assignment and are tightly connected to each other. When working on the introduction, you should already think of what your conclusion will consist of.   What words will be strong enough for the introduction and which – for the conclusion? Don’t worry, all of these words will come to you in the writing process, so simply start typing, and you will surely catch the flow! In the introductory section, you need to introduce the reader to the topic. What is the goal of your research? Why do you want to cover it? What are you willing to share with the audience?   However, remain brief and try to make your introduction not longer than two pages. In this section, you just speak about the basic expectations and plans of the paper - no special information and details. Your conclusions can be a bit longer. Unlike the introduction, the main goal of the conclusion is to highlight and show the key results of the research. Don’t forget to remain objective and never rewrite your introduction using the same words. Body Paragraphs The main part of your work will consist of chapters and their subheadings. The number of chapters depends on the professor’s requirements, so you need to know the recommendations in advance. However, in some cases, students can write the plan on their own and simply discuss it with the tutor. Sticking to such a plan will help you to remain focused on the key ideas and not to lose the main topic. As it was mentioned above a solid plan makes up a half of your success. After it you need to gather and analyze information, writing down all the details in your own words and referring the sources. Make sure all information is carefully allocated according to chapters and subheadings to make your work look consistent and smooth. Formatting of Research Papers In most of the cases academic assignments should be formatted according to a particular formatting style. Two of the most popular ones are APA and MLA. APA or American Psychological Association Style is applied to works on social sciences. It is mostly used for research papers, course works, literature analyses, surveys and so on. MLA or Modern Language Association Style is applied to format references and documentation in humanities. The main differences between these two styles include: MLA doesn’t always require a title page. Everything depends on your tutor’s guidelines; In addition, you need to indicate the first and last name of the author, as follows: Last name. First name. Work’s Title. City, State: Publishing. Year; Main words of the title are always capitalized, and the whole title is underlined; Reference page is called ‘Works cited’; When quoting, MLA style uses the author’s last name and page number; It is not necessary to use commas if you want to separate material; If you are using an APA style, the title page must consist of five main elements: running head, title, your name, name of the university and note of the author (if it is required by your tutor); When citing a source, you need to indicate only the last name of its author, while the first name is abbreviated. For example, last name, F. (Year). Work’s Title. City, State: Publishing; You need to capitalize only the first words of titles, as well as subheadings. A title is italicized; The reference page is called ‘References’; When citing, indicate only the author’s last name and date; If the numbers of pages are known, you need to write p. or pp. Repeating and Editing By now you know almost everything, what is necessary for creating a solid research paper. The only thing I would like to add is that every paper you complete requires editing. Even if you are sure that your draft contains no mistakes, don’t be in a hurry to deliver the assignment without checking it. Before sending your paper to the professor’s mail or printing the work, make sure it is worth attention of the audience. Every time I completed a college assignment, I spent days reading it over and over again and eventually always found more mistakes. This brought me to understanding that only thorough proofreading is capable of making the assignment close to perfection. This stage may seem quite boring but it is essential for academic writing. Remember, all of the words and sentences must be suitable, and in place, so there should be no room for boredom and postponing. Once you notice that every element of your work is on its proper place, you will feel satisfaction and pride. The whole process is quite challenging and complicated, sometimes leading to despair but it is totally worth it, and the moment you are praised with your teacher and given an A, you see that everything was worth it!

Community Action Plan with Tri-fold brochure and 5 slide powerpoint Essay

Community Action Plan with Tri-fold brochure and 5 slide powerpoint - Essay Example Obesity is an epidemic that affects people not only in the US but worldwide. Nearly 59 million adults are obese and the percentage of children who are obese has doubled in the past twenty years. Obesity is a chronic disease that can result in serious health problems to its victims. Obesity among children in the US has serious health and social implication. These effects are all over including Wheat Ridge Colorado. Though a recent study ranked Colorado as lowest in obesity rate, there is still a problem. Obesity rate has doubled from 10.7 percent in 1995(Nathalia, 2012, p. 1). This increase in obesity rate in Colorado drives the motives of this paper. This community action plan therefore aims at reducing obesity rate in Wheat Ridge as a step to contribute to the overall obesity rate in Colorado. Symptoms Obesity is mainly due to one being overweight. Obesity among children and adults is on the rise in Colorado and all over the US. Children are taking more calories than before. They ar e eating many less healthy foods and drinking beverages that are more sugary. The problem becomes worse by the fact these children no longer walk or bike to school than it was several years ago. The situation is therefore very clear from this perspective. More sugar in the body plus less energy expenditure equal obesity especially in children. Many evidences suggest that obesity is mainly due to a combination of both genetics and environmental factors. People who eat food with many calories and reduce less energy through physical activity are more likely be overweight than other children. Obesity may have a variety of biological syndromes however; some degree of BMI is genetic. Obesity is mainly due to an increase in weight gain in excess of the expenditure(Trujillo, 2007, p. 3). Diagnosis The Colorado Children Campaign defines Obesity by the measurement of the â€Å"body mass index† (BMI). This is a measure of a person’s body weight in relation to the height. Diagnosi s of this public health issues involves comparing the BMI values with standard references of the same measurements. According to the Colorado Children Campaign (CDC), children with BMIs above the 85th percentile are at risk of becoming obese. Those with BMIs over 95th percentile are already overweight. This diagnosis of obesity is from the 2000 CDC growth charts for US(Trujillo, 2007, p. 1). In 2005, about 29 percent of children in Colorado between the age of 2 and 14 were overweight or at risk of becoming overweight. During the same year, 53 percent of Colorado adults were overweight or obese. If this trend continues at the same rate, then by 2020, 76 percent of all the residents in Colorado will be obese. Obesity can result in many health problems for instance in Colorado obesity is associated with a third of premature deaths. Obesity is because of many factors which act together to cause the health problem. One of the biggest causes of overweight in kids is the increase in the co nsumption of beverages with high sugar content for instance the increase in consumption of soda among most kids. Increased access to fast foods is also contributing to the high levels of calories in obese people. Most of the kids today spent most of their time watching television instead of engaging in play and games. This reduces the amount of energy expend thereby making such kids susceptible