Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Human Trafficking Is A Criminal Act And Violates Human Rights

A young African girl, Gracie, was persuaded into having sex with strange men and packaging illegal drugs, all under the watch of child traffickers. Gracie’s family was murdered when she was eleven years old; shortly thereafter, an older man claimed to be a friend of her deceased family. This man brought her to a home where Gracie was forced to engage in sex with men she’d never met; â€Å"sometimes it was 3 or 4 men a day† (NSPCC). Each year, â€Å"600,000 to 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders;† half of those people are children (â€Å"11 Facts†). Human trafficking is a criminal act and violates human rights; it is especially devastating to children. Countless innocent children and families are impacted by Child Trafficking†¦show more content†¦In other instances, child traffickers hook the family’s interest with talk of a better future; then, bribery and/or threats are used. Normally, in the more recent years, â€Å"families will be asked for payment towards the ‘service’ a trafficker is providing† (NSPCC). By paying for the child’s plane ticket to a new country or providing he/she with connections, it only seems fair for the parents of the minor to come up with a service payment. However, this is all a form of manipulation by the trafficker, because they are not actually looking to better the life of the child that they are indee d smuggling. The only interest is the money that is exchanged, and the innocent families in this situation are oblivious to that fact. Due to child trafficking, the â€Å"average age a teen enters the sex trade in the U.S. is 12 to 14 years old† (â€Å"11 Facts†). This statistic is mainly due to child traffickers forcing their victims into prostitution. Intimidating minors into sex trade is a horrible trend among human trafficking and has become the norm. All the more, Gracie’s story gets worse; after a long two years, she was taken away by another man and was illegally smuggled into a foreign country. There, the man locked her in a room inside a brothel and coerced her to prostitute sex to men, as well as package drugs for local drug dealers (NSPCC). After Gracie managed to break free from this abusive environment, she was put in jail for fraudulent behaviors because of her fakeShow MoreRelatedChild Trafficking Is A Criminal Act And Violates Human Rights1404 Words   |  6 PagesDanielle Jantzer Ms. Petitt English 12 8 March 2017 Child Trafficking in the World A young African girl, Gracie, was persuaded into having sex with strange men and packaging illegal drugs, all under the watch of child traffickers. Gracie’s family was murdered when she was eleven years old; shortly thereafter, an older man claimed to be a friend of her deceased family. This man brought her to a home where Gracie was forced to engage in sex with men she’d never met; â€Å"sometimes it was 3 or 4 men aRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Grave Crime And A Serious Violation Of Human Rights1555 Words   |  7 PagesHumana Trafficking Introduction Human trafficking refers to the practice of recruiting, transferring, transporting, receiving, or harboring people through the use of force, threat, or other forms of abduction, coercion, deception, fraud, as well as abuse of power or vulnerability position (Segrave 2). Human trafficking is a grave crime and a serious violation of human rights as it involves a broad range of human exploitations, including forced labor, sexual exploitation, slavery practices, as wellRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Modern Day Slavery Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesglobal issue in the field of criminal justice, and is known as the modern day slavery. This paper will also discuss the globalization in human trafficking. The study examines the impact of economic globalization on the human trafficking inflows around the world. This paper will begin by providing the definition of what human trafficking and globalization is, and how it works within the context of law enforcement. The history of human trafficking and how human trafficking is effecting societies acrossRead MoreHuman Trafficking - A Modern Form of Slavery Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesfactories, farms, and brothels. Many are forced to become victims of human trafficking through force or the false promise of the American dream. The threat of human trafficking presently is that it deprives people of their human rights, it is a global health risk, and fuels the growth of organized crimes, such as sex crimes. Within this paper I will discuss my research on human trafficking and the victims’ deprivation of human rights. In order to so, I will synthesize three relevant sources on thisRead MoreSpeech On Human Trafficking911 Words   |  4 Pages What is Human Trafficking? Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery, where human be ings are controlled and exploited for profit. Perpetrators use force, fraud, or coercion to manipulate and establish control over individuals. Although human trafficking violates international and national laws, it is a burgeoning criminal industry (Background). Human Trafficking affects women and children and forces them into prostitution or other types of exploitation. Trafficking is very gruesomeRead MoreThe World s Fastest Growing Criminal Act1434 Words   |  6 Pagesguess is the world’s fastest growing criminal act? Illegal arms? Drugs? Congraduations! You would be wrong. The fastest growing criminal act just happens to be human trafficking or in more blunt terms, slavery (â€Å"25 painfully†).Human trafficking is a large ongoing problem , not just in other countries but right here in the United States; human trafficking violates human rights and we all need to do our part in leading our country out of this plague. Human trafficking is not a new phenomenon, it has beenRead MoreHuman Trafficking is Becoming One of the Largest Criminal Enterprises in the US1638 Words   |  7 Pagesthe words â€Å"human trafficking† are heard, most people have mental images of young girls and women being beaten and abused (Walker-Rodriguez and Hill, 2011). Often times people’s mental images automatically assume that these victims of human trafficking are from Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa (Walker-Rodriguez and Hill, 2011). Unfortunately, human trafficking is a global issue (Jac-Kucharski) and happens everyday in the cities and towns surrounding us. Unfortunately, human trafficking isn’t as easyRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1387 Words   |  6 Pagesyears’ human trafficking has recognized as major illegal and problematic activity within the criminal justice system throughout the United States and a majority of the world. Although much attention has been paid to the worldw ide aspect of human trafficking it is important to realize its domestic prevalence. According to ------------------ and estimated 200,0000 to 300,000 immigrants are trafficked illegally within the United States from impoverished countries. The topic of human trafficking has provedRead MoreA Brief Note On Criminology And Criminal Justice Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pages1. Scholars in criminology and criminal justice have suggested the following: â€Å"Any criminology worthy of its name should contain a comparative dimension. The contents of cultural meaning that are loaded into a subject are too variable for it to be otherwise.† Explain this statement. Use examples in the explanation. Criminology and criminal justice are multidimensional studies that require numerous perspectives in order to create well-rounded findings. Crime is largely intertwined with culture. InRead MoreProstitution Is A Big Controversy Around The World1033 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution is a big controversy around the world. Many debate about whether prostitution should be legalised due to the person being old enough to make the right decisions for themselves and for their body. Many choose this career as a way to make a living because they choose its right to. Others on the other hand do not agree. The opposing side say that prostitution should not be legal due to so much violence and abuse that a prostitute goes through. Many do not choose the lifestyle to become

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Evaluation Of A Model Of Memory Whilst Weighing Up The...

This essay aims to make an appraisal of two models of memory whilst weighing up the strengths and limitations of each. The two models of memory I will be evaluating are the Multy-store Model of Memory (MSM) and Level of Processing Model. Memory is defined as the mental process of encoding, then storing and retrieving information. To enable us to store any information out memory first needs to encode information. This require three types of encoding which are semantic encoding, which is encoding information through the information’s meaning; acoustic encoding, which is encoding information through sound; and visual encoding which interprets information through visual images, McDermott Roediger III (2015). This process allows us to interpret and organise the information ready to be stored in our memories. The second stage is the storage stage where the information enters the memory and is maintained there for a period of time. The final stage is the retrieval stage which involves where information that is stored in the memory being located and used, Study.com (2003-2015). There are limits to the short-term memory (STM) span, which is the longest number of items or digits a person can recall and instantly repeat back in the correct order. Most adults can store between 5 and 9 items in their short-term memory. This notion was put forward by Miller (1956) and he called it the magic number 7, McLeod (2009). He thought that STM could hold 7 (plus or minus 2 items) because itShow MoreRelatedMarketing Research and Information Systems47836 Words   |  192 Pagesresearch brief †¢ Outline the contents of a research proposal, and †¢ Explain in detail each of the principal steps in research design. Structure Of The Chapter This chapter begins by explaining the limitations of marketing research in so much that it serves to reduce rather than remove the risks attendant to decision making. The discussion proceeds to an outline of the research brief which has to be drawn up for the guidance of the individual or group charged with executing the study. At this pointRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesmarketing Summary Appendix: The drivers of consumer change 6 Approaches to competitor analysis 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 Learning objectives Introduction Against whom are we competing? Identifying and evaluating competitors’ strengths and weaknesses Evaluating competitive relationships and analysing how organizations compete Identifying competitors’ objectives Identifying competitors’ likely response profiles Competitor analysis and the development of strategy The competitiveRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesqualified candidates to choose from, admissions officers can be more selective, making admission to top schools even more challenging for applicants. The Harbus, the Harvard Business School weekly student newspaper, recognizes that applicants require up-to-date materials and inspiration to match the current environment. While this book includes the latest application essays, which ar e updated regularly by the ad... missions committee, it retains several essaysfrom the first edition of the book becauseRead MoreThe Effects of Advertising on Children33281 Words   |  134 Pagesdemonstrates that cognitive development mediates children’s understanding of television advertising and their response to advertising. Other factors, such as parental intervention, media literacy, consumer experience and program/advertisement separators each play a role in helping children understand television advertising directed to them. There are two critical stages that mark children’s capacity to understand important qualities of television commercials: at five or six years of age, when the majorityRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesto a programme of study but could sensibly be supplemented by other material. We have provided a mixture of longer and shorter cases to increase the ï ¬â€šexibility for teachers. Combined with the ill ustrations and the short case examples at the end of each chapter (in both versions of the book) this increases the reader’s and tutor’s choice. For example, when deciding on material for Chapter 2, the case example, Global Forces and the European Brewing Industry, tests a reader’s understanding of the main

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Information Ethics and Management for Social Media- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInformation Ethics and Management for Social Media. Answer: Introduction Internet is a platform that millions of people around the world use for gathering knowledge and performing some other important activities like online shopping, bill payments and others. Social media are virtual public forums where the internet users share their ideas and discuss various topics. However, recently, due to some deliberate nonsensical posts by some of the users, toxicity spreads throughout the internet resulting in heated conversations or even fights. Some more serious issues result in political wars, street fights, religious wars and others that are also growing due to provocations made by some users in the social media. The main objective of this particular analysis is to find arguments both for and against posting anything on the internet and analyze their long term effects on the human society. Arguments There are arguments both for and against the freedom of posting in the internet. Various researchers have provided various arguments on the topic based on the study of different cases around the world. The arguments are analyzed and explained below. Arguments for the Topic Most of the works that have been analyzed have argued for the topic i.e. the freedom of posting anything on the internet. According to Breuer, Landman and Farquhar (2015), posting anything on the internet is a basic human right i.e. freedom of speech and hence, they should be able to post anything on the internet (blogs, social media platforms, etc.). Their argument for supporting this claim is that the public forums like blogs, social media and others are created in the internet so that the participants can post their opinions on their own views as well as share various ideas. Moreover, in a group of participants in a discussion forum, one participant can exchange views with the others and all the participants are able to think differently with the different types of views expressed by all of them. Hence, it is a very constructive idea to post anything in the internet to share views and opinions. Morone and Kersh (2016) said that posting relevant news and opinions in the internet al so helps to increase the knowledge of others who are not able to access any newspapers or TV news channels. When they access the internet, they are able to find various arguments on different topics and get the gist of the news he wanted to know. On the other hand, Cottle, Sambrook and Mosdell (2016) researched about the more serious and useful implications of posting in the internet by an individual. According to them, different posts by individuals can mobilize a protest movement that has been stagnant for a long time owing to lack of sufficient communication between the protesters. Internet can serve as a platform where all the protesters can communicate in a common forum and share ideas regarding how the protest can be mobilized. Moreover, they can also promote their movement in the social media where more and more followers can join them in their movement. This is evident from the recent protest movements in Tunisia and Egypt where the protesters came together through social media and built up a strong protest against the government. Following these examples, people from other countries are also using social media as a medium for mobilization of protests, the most recent example of which is the continuous protests agains t the presidential election in United States of America. Van Dijck (2013) also opined in favor of this particular topic. According to him, what an individual posts on the internet is his / her own choice and nobody has the right to instruct him to do otherwise. If anyone does not agree with the opinion, he can just choose to share his views with the poster or can just choose to ignore. As per the researchers, most of the countries are now democratic countries and hence, each of the individuals living in the country has the freedom of speech anywhere anytime. Arguments against the Topic While all the arguments have been found to support the particular topic, there are numerous other works that strongly argue against the right to post anything on the internet. There are several reasons that have been presented by researchers. Some of the major reasons are listed and presented as follows. Too Much Toxicity in a Public Forum Most of the researchers have agreed on one common point i.e. posting anything on the forum sometimes spreads too much toxicity. This is mainly because there are many types of people in the forum. Some are educated people who know how to counter a misconception using suitable logics and some are mostly uneducated or young people who do not have any logics and will instantly use slangs and rant about anything that do not agree with their own ideas (Gritzalis et al. 2014). As a result, a hot-headed argument starts and the toxicity spreads over the entire forum with more and more people joining the argument. For instance, in the world of football, there is a great bit of debate among the fans about who is the best Messi or Ronaldo. While the most of the logical people agree that both are equally good in their respective positions, some others continue to debate on the topic and it turns toxic in no time. From a comparison of statistics of two players , the debate turns into slangs and personal attacks. Sometimes, these debates cause great psychological damage on some of the younger participants of the debate. Hence, the researchers have opined against posting anything on the internet that may spread toxicity over the forum. Zero Logic and Revenge Posts Some researchers have brought to light the fact that zero logic posts should never be allowed to be posted on any public forum in the internet. These posts are the ones that misguide people severely on a continuous basis. Some of the common topics regarding this particular issue are clickbait and demeanor of an individual or an organization. Clickbait is generally referred to a misleading title to a story or advertisements that interests the users to explore more on the same and then finding an entirely different content. For instance, it is common among many Youtubers to post their videos with a misleading title. While the views get interested by reading the title, then enter into the video and find it to be an entirely different content than the title suggests (Graber and Dunaway 2017). Another topic for this issue is demeanor of an individual or organization. Some individual or a group of individuals may post some wrong statements against a particular individual on the internet in order to demean or insult that particular individual. Most of the times, these are only pranks that are later revealed as well. However, some of them are done solely on the purpose of revenge and cause serious psychological damage on the target of the attack that may also lead to his / her suicide. This technique is also utilized by different organizations to raise some voice against the rival organizations so that their market competitiveness can increase. Both of these issues are unwanted and should be stopped by any means. Political Violence While some researchers have supported the posts in the internet for mobilizing a protest, these posts can sometimes lead to severe political violence in a region or country. Sometimes, the posts are directly targeted towards a political person or a group and this situation results in severe implications. Some posts are directly heated against a political entity while some others are made using memes or cartoons that indirectly mock a particular political entity. In many countries, these activities lead to the arrest of the person who creates these posts. The arrest in turn result in protest of common people that soon involve the opposing party and a political war starts immediately (Xu 2014). However, in these wars, the political leaders go through no harm, it is the common people who are affected. These political wars soon turn to street fights, mass arrests and then curfew. Hence, researchers have advised people to make sensible posts in public forum and not jus t random anything that can result in political apocalypse. Religious Sentiments This is another serious issue that rises from the nonsensical posts made by some people to deliberately hurt religious sentiments of the others. Religious intolerance is a serious issue in the current world and even smallest of provocations can lead to massive religious fights. Already in several parts of the world, many countries are fighting with each other based on religious differences (Israel-Palestine, India-Pakistan to name a few) (Stavrou et al. 2014). Further provocation in the internet can anger even more people who will then strongly favor inter-country wars. Moreover, due to these issues, the mutual relationships between two neighboring countries also break down with time. Hence, researchers have expressed their concern that nonsensical posts in internet can lead to serious religion-based fights. Inexplicit Contents and Lack of Censoring The researchers () said that in the internet public forums these days, there are also young people (age group of below 18) who regularly participate in the public discussions. Social media platforms like Facebook have millions of users who are under the age of 15. However, some posts of older people are explicit in nature and contain no sufficient censoring (Mitrou et al. 2014). These posts include violence or murder scenes, adult slangs, pornographic contents, disturbing videos like death moments and others. These contents are not suitable for the young people as they can get spoiled easily and that in turn negatively affects their education and learning. Most of the users do not care about these facts and continue to post inexplicit contents in the forums. A particular issue that should be included in this particular discussion is the Blue Whale Game. Recently, following a series of unnatural suicides of some very young people (age less th an 15), it has been found that there is an online game named Blue Whale Challenge that forces a child to go through 49 days of self torture (both physical and psychological) and commit suicide on the 50th day. The creator of this app is a psychopath who exploits the soft and immature souls of the young people to ultimately kill them in the form of suicide (Ratto and Boler 2014). The main concern for which this is mentioned here is that, even few months back, almost no one knew about this challenge. However, after the discovery by the investigators and numerous posts throughout the internet, the number of children falling prey to the Blue Whale Challenge has suddenly increased significantly. Due to so many discussions regarding the details in public forum, more and more young people find it and then fall prey to it. These are some of the issues that have been raised by the researchers in order to argue against allowing anyone to post anything in the internet. While it is a fundamental right of a man to post anything, all these negative effects cannot be entirely ignored. Hence, no laws can be made to make people post on sensible topics and ideas but awareness is needed so that people understand the harmful effects of the posts and stop doing any post in the public forum that may have serious implications in the future. Conclusion From the analysis, it has been found that there are both positive and negative arguments on the chosen topic i.e. making any posts in the internet. The positive arguments mainly talk about basic human right and the opportunity to share ideas and views regarding a particular topic. However, the negative arguments bring out the most serious issues that the world is facing right now and are further aggravated by nonsensical and deliberate posts made by various users on the public forums in the internet. This issue cannot be solved by making laws as it will further fuel public dissatisfaction for taking away their basic rights. The only thing that can be done is raise public awareness so that the people understand the harmful effects of posting anything in public forums and henceforth, they refrain from it and limit their activity in public forum to healthy discussions and sharing of ideas only. References Breuer, A., Landman, T. and Farquhar, D., 2015. Social media and protest mobilization: Evidence from the Tunisian revolution.Democratization,22(4), pp.764-792. Cottle, S., Sambrook, R. and Mosdell, N., 2016. Introduction. InReporting Dangerously(pp. 1-14). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Graber, D.A. and Dunaway, J., 2017.Mass media and American politics. Cq Press. Gritzalis, D., Kandias, M., Stavrou, V. and Mitrou, L., 2014. History of information: the case of privacy and security in social media. InProc. of the History of Information Conference(pp. 283-310). Mitrou, L., Kandias, M., Stavrou, V. and Gritzalis, D., 2014, April. Social media profiling: A Panopticon or Omniopticon tool?. InProc. of the 6th Conference of the Surveillance Studies Network. Morone, J.A. and Kersh, R., 2016.By the people: Debating American government. Oxford University Press. Ratto, M. and Boler, M. eds., 2014.DIY citizenship: Critical making and social media. MIT Press. Stavrou, V., Gritzalis, D., Kandias, M. and Stergiopoulos, G., 2014, March. Insider threat: enhancing BPM through social media. InNew Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS), 2014 6th International Conference on(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Van Dijck, J., 2013.The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford University Press. Xu, B., 2014. Media censorship in China.Council on Foreign Relations,25.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Ufo Essays (417 words) - UFO Sightings In The United States, Ufology

Ufo Unidentified flying objects and aliens can be proven through eyewitness accounts or encounters. On of the most common case would be the case of the Hill's (Butler, 1). Returning to N. H., the hill's had notices a strange light in the sky. Barney stopped the car, went out to observed the moving lights. He came to the conclusion of the lights being an airplane, a star or a plant. AS they continued their ride the lights remained with them. That took away the idea that the object was a star or a planet. When the object drew closer, Betty looks at it and saw the shape of a disk like figure. That took a way the idea of it being an airplane, so they got out of the car to get a better look. At one point, the object got so close that Barney could see several beings staring down a pond them. He lost control and shouted out ?they are going to capture us? (2). They raced back to the car and took off unable to explain what had just happened. The next thing that happened was that they heard a coup le of beeps like a microwave oven going off. The next day Barney had notice some unexplained blotches on the car. Later on that day the Hill's realized they could not account for two hours and thirty-five miles of their journey. They begin to have stress problems. They could not explain what Betty was having strange dreams about being taken in to a room and being looked at by strange little beings. After that they begin to see many doctors. After a while their story had been put together in the little pieces that they had been telling it in. The story that was formed was that how their car was stopped by a group of strange looking men with pear shape heads and large wrapped around eyes. Then by force they were carried on to the ship onto separate rooms. Then they were given different test. Some of the test includes taking skin and hair samples. While inside Betty remember seeing a star map (3). Later on the map was identified as the Zeta Reticule system. This proves that UFO's and a liens are real because when explaining what had happen they were both in separate rooms under hypnotist ion. And also their was no was to explain the lost in the time or the marks on the body and the car. Supernatural Issues

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Free Essays on Software Quality Assurance Plan

Software Engineering Project Abstract This document describes the standards, procedures, and conventions to be followed by all Software Engineering Project teams in developing their projects. These standards ensure software quality throughout the duration of the project. 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Purpose 5 1.2 Process Modifications 5 1.3 Software Engineering Projects 5 1.4 Teams 6 1.5 Personnel Involved 6 1.5.1 C# Programmer 7 1.5.2 ASP.NET Programmer 7 1.5.3 Clients 8 1.5.4 Database Programmer 8 1.5.5 Project Manager 8 1.5.6 Software Administrative Group (SAG) 9 1.5.7 Technical Representative 10 1.6 Intellectual Property (IP) 10 1.7 Group Directory 11 2 Reference Documents 12 2.1 Documents Produced 12 2.2 References Used 12 3 Management 14 4 Documentation 15 4.1 Documents Produced 15 4.1.1 Software Project Management Plan (SPMP) 15 4.1.2 Software Requirements Specification (SRS) 15 4.1.3 Software Design Description (SDD) 15 4.1.4 Test Plan (TP) 15 4.1.5 Technical Report (TR) 16 4.1.6 User Documentation (UD) 16 4.1.7 Progress Report 16 5 Standards, Practices and Conventions 17 5.1 Communication Procedures 17 5.1.1 Meeting Procedures 17 5.1.1.1 Before the Meeting 17 5.1.1.2 During the Meeting 18 5.1.1.3 After the Meeting 19 5.1.2 Type of Meeting 19 5.1.3 Work Session 20 5.1.3.1 Team Communication 20 5.1.3.2 Client Communication 20 5.1.3.3 340/440 Communication 21 5.1.3.4 Supervisor Communication 21 5.2 Documentation Standards 21 5.3 File and Directory Standards 22 5.3.1 File Naming Conventions 22 5.3.2 CVS Commit Procedure 23 5.3.3 Directory Navigation Aids 23 5.4 Task Allocation and Tracking Procedure 23 5.5 Process Improvement Procedure 24 6 Reviews and Audits 25 6.1 Reviews 26 6.1.1 Internal Reviews 26 6.2 Audits 27 6.2.1 Internal Audit 27 7 Configuration Management 28 7.1 Key Aspects of Configuration Management 28 7.2 Identifying... Free Essays on Software Quality Assurance Plan Free Essays on Software Quality Assurance Plan Software Engineering Project Abstract This document describes the standards, procedures, and conventions to be followed by all Software Engineering Project teams in developing their projects. These standards ensure software quality throughout the duration of the project. 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Purpose 5 1.2 Process Modifications 5 1.3 Software Engineering Projects 5 1.4 Teams 6 1.5 Personnel Involved 6 1.5.1 C# Programmer 7 1.5.2 ASP.NET Programmer 7 1.5.3 Clients 8 1.5.4 Database Programmer 8 1.5.5 Project Manager 8 1.5.6 Software Administrative Group (SAG) 9 1.5.7 Technical Representative 10 1.6 Intellectual Property (IP) 10 1.7 Group Directory 11 2 Reference Documents 12 2.1 Documents Produced 12 2.2 References Used 12 3 Management 14 4 Documentation 15 4.1 Documents Produced 15 4.1.1 Software Project Management Plan (SPMP) 15 4.1.2 Software Requirements Specification (SRS) 15 4.1.3 Software Design Description (SDD) 15 4.1.4 Test Plan (TP) 15 4.1.5 Technical Report (TR) 16 4.1.6 User Documentation (UD) 16 4.1.7 Progress Report 16 5 Standards, Practices and Conventions 17 5.1 Communication Procedures 17 5.1.1 Meeting Procedures 17 5.1.1.1 Before the Meeting 17 5.1.1.2 During the Meeting 18 5.1.1.3 After the Meeting 19 5.1.2 Type of Meeting 19 5.1.3 Work Session 20 5.1.3.1 Team Communication 20 5.1.3.2 Client Communication 20 5.1.3.3 340/440 Communication 21 5.1.3.4 Supervisor Communication 21 5.2 Documentation Standards 21 5.3 File and Directory Standards 22 5.3.1 File Naming Conventions 22 5.3.2 CVS Commit Procedure 23 5.3.3 Directory Navigation Aids 23 5.4 Task Allocation and Tracking Procedure 23 5.5 Process Improvement Procedure 24 6 Reviews and Audits 25 6.1 Reviews 26 6.1.1 Internal Reviews 26 6.2 Audits 27 6.2.1 Internal Audit 27 7 Configuration Management 28 7.1 Key Aspects of Configuration Management 28 7.2 Identifying...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Postal Service Wants to Offer Payday Loans

Postal Service Wants to Offer Payday Loans Even though it loses massive quantities of it every year, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) wants to loan you money. Short-term â€Å"payday† loans are just one of the financial services the USPS has proposed offering though Post Offices in order to serve the scores of American â€Å"unbanked† individuals and families, while protecting them from predatory payday lenders and, of course, bettering its own dismal financial status. According to a report from the USPS’ inspector general, one in four U.S. households lives at least partially outside the financial mainstream without bank accounts or using costly services like payday lenders – and spends an average of $2,412 each year just on interest and fees for such alternative financial services. â€Å"Many of the 34 million financially underserved households - representing 68 million adults - are treading water very close to the economic edge,† wrote the inspector general. â€Å"Unexpected expenses can push them over the brink into homelessness or bankruptcy, which come with broad social and economic costs.† The inspector general estimates the USPS could bring in almost $9 billion a year by capturing just 10% of the $89 billion spent on alternative financial services in the U.S. every year. â€Å"Postal financial services may appeal to many customers who feel abandoned by major financial institutions,† states the report. â€Å"Postal organizations have an unmatched ability to reach consumers from diverse backgrounds.† As the report notes, many international postal services are already garnering significant new revenue by offering financial services. Of course, the USPS also hopes to make money by charging interest on these short-term loans, but at a far lower rate than those charged by traditional payday lenders. USPS Brand Payday Loan vs. Traditional Payday Loans The USPS inspector general suggests the Postal Service could offer short-term – payday – loans with interest rates of 28%, compared to the average interest rate of 391% charged by traditional payday lenders. For example, a person borrowing $375 from a traditional payday lender would end up having to pay back a total of about $896, including $521 in interest and fees. The same $375 borrowed from the USPS would end up costing only $423, including $48 in interest and fees. â€Å"That single loan from the Postal Service could effectively put $472 back into a consumer’s pocket, which he or she could then use on more economically productive expenses,† stated the report. â€Å"If even one-tenth of the 12 million Americans who take out a payday loan each year got this hypothetical Postal Loan instead, they could collectively save more than half a billion dollars a year in fees and interest.† In addition, says the inspector general, short-term Postal Service loans would allow the estimated 10 million unbanked U.S. households which cannot afford high-interest rate payday loans to borrow the money they need. â€Å"There is a wide range of consumers who need access to small-dollar credit, and the Postal Loan could strongly appeal to these different types of borrowers,† noted the inspector general. â€Å"For example, people whose income varies throughout the year, consumers with no other avenues to credit, families with unexpected expenses, and others.† Finally, contends the report, affordable Postal Service loans would help people break the â€Å"cycle of debt,† that forces them to borrow more money to make payments on existing loans. According to a 2104 report from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, more than 80% of payday loans are either extended or followed by another loan less than two weeks later. While the â€Å"average† interest rate for traditional payday loans may be 391%, the Consumer Federation of America (CFA) has warned consumers of online payday lenders charging interest rates of 650% USPS Vows Not to Compete with Banks If you own a bank, don’t worry. The inspector general makes it perfectly clear that the USPS has no intention of becoming a bank or even competing with banks. Instead, says his report, in offering small short-term loans and other financial services, the Postal Service would â€Å"greatly complement† the services offered by banks. Correctly noting that banks are closing branches in inner city low-income and rural areas nationwide, the inspector general says the USPS would help banks â€Å"fill the gaps in their efforts to reach the underserved.† And remember, â€Å"The Postal Service also is among the most trusted companies in America, and trust is a critical element for implementing financial services,† he added. Also See: Postal Services Wants to Deliver Groceries

Thursday, November 21, 2019

What's the difference between the hacker's viewpoint on access to Research Paper - 1

What's the difference between the hacker's viewpoint on access to information on the Web and yours - Research Paper Example They are highly despised and avoided. Being a hacker is a one-way ticket to being an outcast, both socially and morally. These points show that hackers are not just talented programmers but are also really intelligent people with a great IQ. But their presence has been marred by a similar, but little known class of separate computer geeks known as crackers. The website THE JARGON FILE identifies them as Therein lies the whole mystery of the famous cyber war and confusion of the entire world, Crackers do it and hackers have to face the consequences. Crackers are the ones who love to look into people personal accounts all over the world by getting past security passes. And as people are not knowledgeable about it so they blame the poor hackers. Even the Encarta dictionary tells about the difference between them: â€Å"cracker is someone who is a computer user, and who gains unauthorized access, to a computer or system data, belonging to someone else, and hacker is somebody who is interested or skilled in computer technology and programming.† Hackers first got recognition in 19060s by the hacker culture around TMRC an the MIT labs. This term was used by teenage radio hams and electronic tinkerers in the mid-1950s. This community world-wide is very protective of their rights and cultures. And have many variant points on their work and how it affects the normal human community. The normal human community deems them unsafe. The many questions asked are , can hackers be trusted, do they do any good, how do we identify them. This paper will answer these questions while following the following points of interest: The hackers are a community of highly intelligent people, who are intent on making the internet a better and friendlier place to be. All they require in return is unlimited access to all the possible internet they can have. But they certainly don’t in any way require

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

CUSTOMERS PORTFOLIO AS MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENT Essay

CUSTOMERS PORTFOLIO AS MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENT - Essay Example The implementation of these strategies must however be done in a manner that can guarantee that the strategic management plans of the companies are up to date with changing situations on the market (Levinsohn and Williams, 2004). This means that the search and implementation of strategic management plans must be undertaken as a holistic process that includes all stakeholders who have a role to play in the success of the company. In relation to this argument, Labovitz (2005), identifies the place of the customer in having a very formidable strategic management plan for the modern global economic market. It has been said that the customer is no longer a passive member of the corporate society but an active member of it (Khurana, 2002). Because of this, the need to always include customers in the planning of the company is very relevant and inevitable. With this understanding in mind, the current report is prepared to identify the place of the customer in a typical modern business and o utline ways in which companies can make use of the all new concept of customer portfolio to maximise the benefits they can make of their customer base. 2.0 Theoretical Framework A waterfall approach to the theoretical understanding of the concept of customer portfolio is developed. This approach involves the strategic review of what exists in literature as the place of customers in business entities. After this understanding has been developed, there will then be a deduction of what the definition of customer portfolio is, based on what is deduced in literature. 2.1 Customers as assets Writing on the place of customers in a typical business entity, Kets de Vries (2003) explained that the best way for companies to make the best out of their customers is to understand the place of customers as assets to the company. Commonly, the assets of companies are judged as either being tangible or intangible, with much emphasis and focus on those things that can be utilised by the company for r evenue generation purposes (Nutt, 2004). Labovitz and Rosansky (2007) laments that hardly are customers envisioned and classified as having the potential of generating revenues for the company. What companies have done over the years is to see the customer as the source of revenue, rather than a generator of revenue. But this perception is said to be erroneous, especially in cases where companies want to make the best out of their customers. As assets, customers will be seen as tangible resources that ought to be managed so as to ensure that they are transformed into revenues (Morrison and Milliken, 2000). Giving a practical explanation of how customers could act as assets, Roberts, Swanson and Dinneen, J. (2004) said that every company that has a formidable database of its customers would realise that each customer has a specific fiscal wealth they account to the customer. Since assets are also quantified as fiscal wealth, customers can be said to be assets. 2.2 Customers as stakeh olders Farrell (2004) joins a school of thought that argues that customers may best be seen as stakeholders if companies want to make the most of them. As stakeholders, customers have been explained as people, having a say in the planning and decision making process of the company. This way, customers may be included in decision making in two major ways. The first of these ways is active inclusion, which requires companies to have a mechanism by which views of customers will be collected and considered while taking management level decisions (Sankar, 2003). There is also a passive inclusion of customers as stakeholders in decision making, where the company uses a strategy to identify the views and thoughts of customers about the company and make decisions that

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Education System in Desperate need of Change Essay Example for Free

Education System in Desperate need of Change Essay Sir William Haley once said, â€Å"Education would be so much more effective if its purpose were to ensure that by the time they leave school every boy and girl should know how much they don’t know, and be imbued with a lifelong desire to know it†. If students were guaranteed to leave school with knowing of what they don’t know and the desire to continue learning, the method of learning will be correct. Today’s education system does not give students the opportunity to enjoy what they are learning. The banking method, where students are empty vessels which educators must deposit knowledge into, deprives them of creativity and the desire to learn. No child is given the chance to shine and be unique. Students today are simply being placed on a conveyer belt, sorted, and then labeled according to their so called intelligence. We need an education system that provides a slower learning method, a method where you focus on what is being learned instead of zipping through it, and the freedom to make mistakes as this will electrify and stimulate students to fulfill their potential. We must recognize students as individuals and keep in mind their diverse backgrounds. In â€Å"Lives on the Boundary,† Rose states, â€Å"The canon has intended to push to the margins much of the literature of our nation: from American Indian songs and chants to immigrant fiction to working-class narratives† (100). The messages that are received from the text are crucial. The students need to be able to relate to what they have before them. One of the problems with today’s education system is we are given material to read, memorize, and expected to repeat it back at the snap of a finger. But without the ability to relate and connect with the material, the learning doesn’t take place. Everything that is read or being said is just going through one ear and out the other. By adding relatable texts, you add life to learning. In â€Å"Learning in the Key of Life,† Jon Spayde states, â€Å"people cannot learn what they do not love† (69). When students are reading or learning about a subject they love, they are inspired and motivated to learn more. This alone can benefit the learning process for students. It becomes much easier to grasp concepts learned in class. Today’s education system does not allow all students to thrive in their own way. It is fast paced with limited space for creativeness. We are given large amounts of information at a time and attempt to move as quickly as possible through all that we can. There is never â€Å"time† to stay longer on a topic. The instructors try their hardest to keep the pace, but this way of teaching does not benefit any student. In â€Å"Learning in the Key of Life†, Jon Spayde states, â€Å"†¦we are focusing far too much of our energy and resources on fast knowledge, ignoring all the richness and meaning slow knowledge adds to our lives† (68). When the focus is on just getting through the material, we are skipping over the value and richness of slow knowledge. Instead of zipping through a lesson because it needs to be done by a certain day to move onto the next, the focus needs to be on what is being learned than making a time requirement. Spayde also states, â€Å"You can figure out what you can do pretty quickly, but the ethical understanding of what you ought to do comes slowly†. We need to adopt the slow learning method, without it we are missing out on more than we think. There is so much more to learning than getting through the material, the purpose of it is to benefit and gain from it. With slow knowledge we will achieve this. One of the most important changes that needs to be done is the view on mistakes. In the article, â€Å"How to Make Mistakes,† Dennett states, â€Å"Mistakes are not just golden opportunities for learning; they are, in an important sense, the only opportunity for learning something truly new†. When fear is being put into a student to never make a mistake, their education is stunted. They lose the ability to explore and take the chance of being wrong because they are repeatedly punished for being incorrect. When a mistake is made, students will learn where they went wrong and will then grow from it. The key to progress is making mistakes. The reason we are in school is to learn, but with this opportunity taken away from students their ability to learn is ripped from their grasp. Daniel C. Dennett also states, â€Å"You should seek out opportunities to make grand mistakes, just so you can then recover from them†. Instead of using all of their energy to attempt to be perfect and run from being inaccurate, every student should look for every opportunity to be wrong. Without errors, the students can not accomplish much. If you look at Todays’ education system is in desperate need of change. No student is given the opportunity to show what they are fully capable of. Instead they are told what they can do. They are simply labeled and placed where they â€Å"should be†. But when students begin to pursue their mistakes and soak in the richness of slow knowledge, they will begin to truly learn. Maria Montessori once said, â€Å"If education is always to be conceived along the same antiquated lines of a mere transmission of knowledge, there is little to be hoped from it in the bettering of mans future. For what is the use of transmitting knowledge if the individuals total development lags behind? †. If many students are having difficulty learning in the method we have created ages ago, why not change it? The time is now and there is no time to waste. We must refocus this outdated system to insure that the students will have a secure future and keep the standard of living that we have today.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Nathan The Wise :: essays research papers

Continually present in Gotthold Lessing’s play, Nathan the Wise, is the pursuit for truth. In particular, a truth that goes beyond religion, one that reaches to the depths of humanity: human nature’s freedom. In his play, Lessing reveals the freedom of human nature among mankind through the bonds of friendship. Furthermore, Lessing conveys an optimistic view of human nature in such a way that left to its own devices, human nature will seek the goodness of mankind and fraternity. Friendship in its purest form is not bound to the confines of religious differences, social status, or selfishness. Without religion or society imposing its ideals, human nature is free to pursue truth and seek the goodness in mankind while bonding in friendship. A selfless act is good but good is not an act done for recognition. To Nathan, part of friendship is giving of oneself without receiving. The Templar shows his selflessness when Nathan offers the Templar riches for rescuing his daughter from a fire, but the Templar declines any praise with anti-Semitic insults, â€Å"Permit what, Jew?† (211). The Templar’s refusal, although harsh, seemed to affirm the goodness Nathan saw in the young man, â€Å"A modest greatness would hide behind the monstrous, merely to escape admiration† (212). The lengths the Templar went to in order to save a life is a testament in itself of his goodness, far more powerful than his insults, "I find it strange that such an ugly spot [on Templar’s robe], soiled by the fire, bears better witness than a man’s own lips† (212). For Nathan, friends do not concern themselves with social status, religious beliefs, or titles; but rather, they can distinguish between the man and the facade. In Nathan’s words, "are Jew and Christian, Jew and Christian first and human beings second?" (214). In Act II, Scene IV, Nathan makes an attempt to thank the Templar for fleeing Temptation on behalf of his daughter. In which the Templar replies, â€Å"You know how the Templars ought to think.† Seemingly shocked, Nathan says, â€Å"Templars alone? and merely ought?. . .I know how good men think; I know as well that all lands bear good men† (213). Nathan is not concerned with the Templar’s position which is a mere robe but with the man behind the guise. A Templar is one of many, but a man is one alone both individual and unique. Human nature is not bound by the mind but is shown through the heart in friendship.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Music Concert Paper

Emily Scott Music Appreciation 28 Feburary 2013 West Michigan Concert Winds Concert On February 24th, I attended the West Michigan Concert Winds â€Å"Winner and Winds† concert. West Michigan Concert Winds is a volunteer group that performs instrumental music to the community. This ensemble contains a wide range of musical talents from all different backgrounds. Some members are college students, some teachers. There was also many current or retired band directors apart of the ensemble. They performed all different genres of music from a Sousa march to an Irish wake by A.J. Potter. There was also a scholarship acceptance performance by a local high school junior who was amazing at the clarinet. The first song was titled â€Å"Fanfare for Saint Cecilia. † This piece was composed for Saint Cecilia on a special occasion called â€Å"Three Countries Day. † This is an example like we talked about in class where a composer had a job of composing music for a certain eve nt because prerecorded music wasn’t available at that time. The song had a magnificent and triumphant feel to it with many brass heavy parts specifically trumpet.Woodwinds played the accompaniment underneath but were not heard exclusively. Some parts I liked about this piece was the overall excitement that it had and the energy that the ensemble put into it. It was very easy to tell that the instrumentalists enjoyed playing the song. Polka and Fugue from the Opera â€Å"Schwanda, The Bag Piper† was another piece I found fascinating. It was a Chek Folk tale which told the story about the lonely bag piper and his adventures. It started out with the woodwinds playing the theme of a cheery thrill note and triplet.The feel of the music was cheery and you were almost able to hear the story being told. I also enjoyed hearing the Fugue part of the song because that was also something we discussed in class. The fugue was characterized by imitation and variation on the imitation by different sections throughout the band. The band also played a Sousa but surprisingly this piece was not a march but a waltz. Although this song was characterized as a waltz, I felt like it had the elements of a march in it like clearly defined beats and ascending and descending full ensemble runs.The music was very bouncy and you could almost picture the dancers waltzing on stage. I was very impressed with the brass section because of their strong tone and intensity. I throughly enjoyed my experience of listening to The West Michigan Concert winds. I was impressed with the talent of the ensemble and the professional way they looked on stage. They provided a wide variety of music compositions and kept me entertained throughout the concert.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

How the Characters of Macbeth and the Duke in My Last Duchess Can Be Considered to Be Disturbed Characters Essay

I am examining the characters of the Duke and Macbeth and how they can be considered disturbed characters. The play, ‘Macbeth’ and poem, ‘My Last Duchess’ both show psychological truths and insights into the characters. While the Duke shows himself to be disturbed straight away in the poem, Macbeth’s mental deterioration takes place and develops as the play proceeds. ‘Macbeth’ written by William Shakespeare and set in 1050 contains themes of status, power and death while ‘My Last Duchess’ by Robert Browning written in 1842 shows how status, wealth and the marriage market can affect a man’s life. Macbeth at first is a well-respected and liked character. He shows himself to be ‘brave’ and is given the position of the ‘Thane of Cawdor’. However when Banquo and Macbeth meet the witches in Act 1, Scene 3, he starts to become obsessed with power, ‘The greatest is behind’. This line sugg ests that Macbeth believes that he will become more powerful in terms of his social status, establishing that he believes the witch’s predictions to be true. In this scene Shakespeare uses the weather to affect the atmosphere and tone that the scene portrays to the audience. ‘Thunder’ is used to indicate the seriousness of the scene in terms of Macbeth’s future. However the thunder could also be seen as God showing his displeasure with Macbeth’s choice to listen to and believe the witches. In 1050 people believed in witches, but believed powers to see into the future or predictions, like the prophecy from the witches, came from the devil. The belief the witches and predictions were real, led the events that take place later in the play. Macbeth’s superstition show some insight into his mind-set as it was considered unholy to believe in anything but God. People in the 11th century would see Macbeth as disturbed as he believed in a divine intervention that isn’t his God, however now society would consider Macbeth to be troubled for believing in witches. Shakespeare uses iambic pentameter to show the tension and eventual guilt that Macbeth feels in Act 2, Scene 2 during a dialogue with Lady Macbeth. The couple share lines which changes the speed and tone of their conversation. ‘Did not you speak? When? Now. As I descended?’ The playwright uses short sentences and sharing lines to show that they are having a tense argument. The dialogue also displays how Lady Macbeth can assert control over her husband. ‘You do unbend the noble, strength to think’ as she considered him to be a ‘coward.’ Lady Macbeth’s language towards Macbeth is negative as she believes her husband is too weak to fulfil the predications of the witches and make her Queen. However Macbeth’s dilemma is obvious as he is planning to kill the King and his guilt over his plan makes this a key scene in Macbeth’s mental deterioration. The monarch in the early 11th was to be respected and people believed were divine rulers picked by God. By choosing to go against God and his King, Macbeth displays his want or obsession for power. Macbeth also reveals how disturbed he is in Act 3, Scene 4 and Act 2, Scene 1. In both scenes, Macbeth sees ghosts of hallucinations of a dagger and Banquo. His soliloquy about the dagger illustrates a guilty conscience and conflicted mind. ‘I have thee not, and yet I see thee still’ expresses that Macbeth is un-nerved and feels pressured into doing what his wife wants. Act 3, Scene 4 has a dramatic irony as Macbeth and the audience know that Macbeth murdered Banquo but the Thanes do not. Banquo can be considered a physical manifestation of his guilt, worry and remorse. The ghost never speaks; Shakespeare uses Banquo to confirm the feelings of Macbeth about the murder. It shows the extent of how conflicted he is about the death of Banquo and how power has gone to his head. Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony reveals to the audience what others can’t see. In Act 3, Scenes 3-4, it is revealed that Banquo has been killed. However the other Thanes do not know this. The scenes also reveal a symbolic fall from grace in terms of the social aspect of Macbeth’s life. When Macbeth was a Thane, he socialised with people who were above his social status. However as King, there is no-one who has a higher status than his which then leads Macbeth to associate with people of a lower class than the people he is obligated to. When talking to the murderers it is pointed out that ‘there is blood upon thy face’ which shows that Macbeth instigated the murder of a friends. The two scenes symbolise how Macbeth has become infatuated with power and is willing to do anything to keep it. This exhibits his obsessive nature. Macbeth’s use of language in Act 5, Scene 5 infers that life is pointless. He suggests that life until we die means no thing. ‘Creeps in this petty pace from day To the last syllable of recorded time.’ During this scene he finds out Lady Macbeth died, showing the extent that he relies on his wife. Shakespeare uses the scene to tell the audience that you can’t control destiny and what happens in life. This relates to his disturbed mind as he tried to control his destiny. An emphasis is put on the fact the word ‘tomorrow’ is repeated. It implies that Macbeth won’t have a ‘tomorrow.’ Shakespeare uses language to show how much Macbeth has changed throughout the play. At first he was a respected character and gradually becomes more disturbed. Thus scene suggests that he is essentially lost and resigned to his fate. The Duke however is a possessive and materialistic character. This is shown through the title ‘My Last Duchess’. ‘My’ displays how even in death his last wife belongs to him even she won’t be his ‘Last Duchess’. The title also displays a theme of the marriage market and the ownership of women. This poem is set in Victorian times when women were considered and treated as trophy and weren’t given a choice in any aspect of his life. This can be referred back to his earlier statement of Ã¢â‚¬Ë œsince none puts by the curtain I have drawn for you but I).’ Browning’s use of personal pro-nouns such as ‘I’, and ‘My’ shows how possessive the Duke is. He only drew back the curtain to show off his most prized possession, his last wife. His need to control who sees the painting and his wife demonstrates the obsessive and disturbed nature of the Duke straight away, unlike Macbeth’s who’s mental state deteriorates throughout the text. The entire poem is an example of dramatic monologue. Through this, the Duke reveals what he thought of his last wife. It is one very long conversation, show the reader insights into the Dukes personal life and feeling. ‘Who’d stoop to blame this sort of trifling?’ The Duke feels that his wife disregards his ‘gift of a nine-hundred-year old name’ and prefers insignificant gifts such as ‘the bough of cherries’ or the ‘white mule.’ Through his later statement, he tries to make excuses for killing his wife. Browning uses enjambment to give the impression of a continued speech. When read aloud, this makes it hard to read the poem without stopping and starting as well as seeming arrogant as if boasting the Dukes achievements. Browning also shows that by commenting on certain subjects; in this instance his wife, can reveal more about the person making the comments than the subject itself. The Duke is materialistic, possessive and likes to show off. ‘(Since none puts by the curtain I have drawn for you).’ He believes the envoy should be honoured to see a painting of his wife by ‘Fra Pandolf.’ The Duke displays his need to control his wife and what they are doing through his control of the curtain that hides his wife. Furthermore, he has control over whether people see the painting and it symbolises his need for control, over his life and others. He uses artwork to control the uncontrollable such as his wife’s affections and others admiration. He reveals more than he intends to when he implies that he murdered his wife. ‘Then the smiles stopped altogether.’ It develops the idea that the term disturbed, for the Duke, means that he needs to be in control or he ‘commands’ for her to be killed or disposed of. Another interpretation of this quote could be that he locked ‘Fra Pandolf’ and his ‘Last Duchess’ up because the painter may have caused the ‘half-flush that dies along her throat’ In ‘My Last Duchess,’ Browning’s use of language indicates that while the words are polite, the meanings behind them are savage. The use of caesura cuts the poetry in half and the use of dashes dictates the Dukes tone. ‘I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped.’ While the line itself seems meaningless, his earlier statements such as ‘looking as if she were alive’ and ‘blame this sort of trifling’ gives the impression that he murdered or imprisoned his wife. Browning purposely uses the next lines to show the Duke has given to much away, ‘Will’t thee please rise?’ This refers to his psychological state as he has revealed that he doesn’t care about killing his spouse but he is worried about revealing too much to an envoy. An emphasis is put on his quick change of topic through the use of caesura, ‘As if alive. Will’t thee†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ It cuts the poetry in half and shows he has revealed too much into his personal life. After quickly changing the subject the Duke goes back to showing of his wealth. The final lines of the poem show a powerful image, ‘Notice Neptune, though. Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity.’ The imagery represents a man taming a woman, which suggests to the reader that women are inferior to men. A different perspective could be that women are animals that need to be tamed. The poem was written in 1842 when women were considered inferior to men and the image of Neptun e and his sea-horse represents this. The Duke once again returns to possessions, with all his money and power, he can’t buy love. The Duke doesn’t realise how much of himself he has given away throughout the criticism of his wife. It suggests that part of his disturbed nature comes from not have affection. The Duke and Macbeth are both similar characters as they both hold a high status and money. However while the ‘Thane of Cawdor’ and eventually ‘the King of Scotland’ holds his wife in high regard, the Duke is disrespectful towards his. A theme of both the poem and the play is how women act and how they were treated. In ‘My Last Duchess,’ the wife acts like a traditional wife in the 1800’s. She seems to be modest, ‘half flush that dies along her throat’ and easily pleased, ‘She looked on and her looks went everywhere.’ Women at the time were considered possessions and trophies by their father and later their husband. In contrast, Lady Macbeth is revealed to be the dominant partner. In Act 1, Scene 5, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are discussing murdering King Duncan. She asserts her control over him insults him and tells him not to give anything away. ‘Your face, my thane, is a book where men May read strange matters.’ Shakespeare depicts Lady Macbeth as an equal in her relationship, while Browning presents the Duchess as an obedient wife.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

All Roads Lead to the Ancient Network of Roman Roads

All Roads Lead to the Ancient Network of Roman Roads The Romans created a network of roads all across the empire. Initially, they were built to move troops to and from trouble spots. They were also used for speedy communication and ease of pre-motorized travel. Roman roads, specifically  viae, were the veins and arteries of the Roman military system. Through these highways, armies could march across the Empire from the Euphrates to the Atlantic. They say, All roads lead to Rome. The idea probably comes from the so-called Golden Milestone (Milliarium Aureum), a marker in the Roman Forum listing the roads leading throughout the Empire and their distances from the milestone. Appian Way The most famous Roman road is the Appian Way (Via Appia) between Rome and Capua, built by the censor Appius Claudius (later, known as Ap. Claudius Caecus blind) in 312 B.C., site of his descendant Clodius Pulchers murder. A few years before the (virtually) gang warfare that led to Clodius death, the road was the site of the crucifixion of the followers of Spartacus when the combined forces of Crassus and Pompey finally put an end to the slave revolt. Via Flaminia In Northern Italy, the censor Flaminius made arrangements for another road, the Via Flaminia (to Ariminum), in 220 B.C. after the Gallic tribes had submitted to Rome. Roads in the Provinces As Rome expanded, it built many roads in the provinces for military and administrative purposes. The first roads in Asia Minor were built in 129 B.C. when Rome inherited Pergamum. The city of Constantinople  was at one end of the road known as the Egnatian Way (Via Egnatia [á ¼ËœÃŽ ³ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±Ãâ€žÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± á ½â€°ÃŽ ´ÃÅ'Ï‚]) The road, built in the second century B.C., went through the provinces of Illyricum, Macedonia, and Thrace, starting at the Adriatic at the city of Dyrrachium. It was constructed by order of Gnaeus Egnatius, proconsul of Macedonia. Roman Road Markings Milestones on the roads give the date of construction. During the Empire, the emperors name was included. Some would have provided a place for water for humans and horses. Their purpose was to show miles, so they might include distance in Roman miles to important places or the end point of the particular road. The roads did not have a foundation layer. Stones were laid directly on topsoil. Where the path was steep, steps were created. There were different paths for vehicles and for pedestrian traffic. Sources Colin M. Wells, Roger Wilson, David H. French, A. Trevor Hodge, Stephen L. Dyson, David F. Graf Roman Empire The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Brian M. Fagan, ed., Oxford University Press 1996Etruscan and Roman Roads in Southern Etruria, by J. B. Ward Perkins.  The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 47, No. 1/2. (1957), pp. 139-143.   A History of Rome to the Death of Caesar, by Walter Wybergh How, Henry Devenish Leigh; Longmans, Green, and Co., 1896.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Research Paper Format for College Students

Research Paper Format for College Students Everything You Need To Know About Research Papers If you are reading the article, you have probably faced some difficulties with completing a research paper but let me assure you that once you get familiar with the task, you will see how simple it actually is! Of course, it can’t be compared to a book review or a lab report and requires additional skills and instruments to succeed. Just remember: if you devote enough time to collecting relevant information and learn by heart how to structure a research paper, you will definitely get a high score! If you are genuinely interested in the subject, have new and fresh ideas it will be enjoyable to work on the assignment and will keep you motivated in the long run. Just relax and think of yourself as being a Sherlock in academic life At least for a while! Format of a Research Paper Basically, the structure of a research paper is similar to the one of a common essay but is a bit more difficult. In this article, you will not only get familiar with the format of the task but will also learn about different hooks and examples, which will help you to simplify your life. A research paper should also consist of an introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. There should also be a title, list of references and additional content if necessary. Sounds simple, doesn’t it? Unfortunately, when it comes to practice, the majority of students are anxious and don’t know where to start. The main goal of this article is to help you with understanding what a research paper is and how to write it with ease. Here are the main principles of completing a research paper: Your paper should always have a title; Plan your work beforehand, as it makes half of your future success. With a coherent plan it will be much easier to write the paper; Stick to a single writing style. Remember that your research paper should consist of clear and simple sentences, which explain the topic to people, who may have no idea about the subject you are discussing; Familiarize readers with your main ideas and subject in the introductory section. Explain the audience what you are going to discuss in body paragraphs; Body paragraphs should consist of credible information, references, examples, and quotations. You should also support your thesis and give an explanation of why your writing is relevant; When working on the conclusion, you need to paraphrase your thesis statement. Generalize everything you have discussed in your work and explain the text in common words; References and all the additional information should be written after the conclusion; Ask your tutor what formatting style to use, as they greatly differ from each other and choosing the wrong style may influence your grade. Working On The Title Most of the students think that writing a title page is surely the simplest part of the assignment. However, it is not entirely true, because the title page is the first thing the reader sees, and its quality makes the first impression. If you make it interesting and appealing, it will be much easier to hold the attention of the audience. Once your first page is completed, don’t hesitate to congratulate yourself with the fact that the beginning is done! Next, you need to write the contents of all the chapters your work includes, and other boring but important organizational moments. Don’t neglect using auto numeration, as it will greatly save your time. If you are not sure how to do it, just ask Google! Research Paper Introduction and Conclusion These sections are the Alpha and Omega of your assignment and are tightly connected to each other. When working on the introduction, you should already think of what your conclusion will consist of.   What words will be strong enough for the introduction and which – for the conclusion? Don’t worry, all of these words will come to you in the writing process, so simply start typing, and you will surely catch the flow! In the introductory section, you need to introduce the reader to the topic. What is the goal of your research? Why do you want to cover it? What are you willing to share with the audience?   However, remain brief and try to make your introduction not longer than two pages. In this section, you just speak about the basic expectations and plans of the paper - no special information and details. Your conclusions can be a bit longer. Unlike the introduction, the main goal of the conclusion is to highlight and show the key results of the research. Don’t forget to remain objective and never rewrite your introduction using the same words. Body Paragraphs The main part of your work will consist of chapters and their subheadings. The number of chapters depends on the professor’s requirements, so you need to know the recommendations in advance. However, in some cases, students can write the plan on their own and simply discuss it with the tutor. Sticking to such a plan will help you to remain focused on the key ideas and not to lose the main topic. As it was mentioned above a solid plan makes up a half of your success. After it you need to gather and analyze information, writing down all the details in your own words and referring the sources. Make sure all information is carefully allocated according to chapters and subheadings to make your work look consistent and smooth. Formatting of Research Papers In most of the cases academic assignments should be formatted according to a particular formatting style. Two of the most popular ones are APA and MLA. APA or American Psychological Association Style is applied to works on social sciences. It is mostly used for research papers, course works, literature analyses, surveys and so on. MLA or Modern Language Association Style is applied to format references and documentation in humanities. The main differences between these two styles include: MLA doesn’t always require a title page. Everything depends on your tutor’s guidelines; In addition, you need to indicate the first and last name of the author, as follows: Last name. First name. Work’s Title. City, State: Publishing. Year; Main words of the title are always capitalized, and the whole title is underlined; Reference page is called ‘Works cited’; When quoting, MLA style uses the author’s last name and page number; It is not necessary to use commas if you want to separate material; If you are using an APA style, the title page must consist of five main elements: running head, title, your name, name of the university and note of the author (if it is required by your tutor); When citing a source, you need to indicate only the last name of its author, while the first name is abbreviated. For example, last name, F. (Year). Work’s Title. City, State: Publishing; You need to capitalize only the first words of titles, as well as subheadings. A title is italicized; The reference page is called ‘References’; When citing, indicate only the author’s last name and date; If the numbers of pages are known, you need to write p. or pp. Repeating and Editing By now you know almost everything, what is necessary for creating a solid research paper. The only thing I would like to add is that every paper you complete requires editing. Even if you are sure that your draft contains no mistakes, don’t be in a hurry to deliver the assignment without checking it. Before sending your paper to the professor’s mail or printing the work, make sure it is worth attention of the audience. Every time I completed a college assignment, I spent days reading it over and over again and eventually always found more mistakes. This brought me to understanding that only thorough proofreading is capable of making the assignment close to perfection. This stage may seem quite boring but it is essential for academic writing. Remember, all of the words and sentences must be suitable, and in place, so there should be no room for boredom and postponing. Once you notice that every element of your work is on its proper place, you will feel satisfaction and pride. The whole process is quite challenging and complicated, sometimes leading to despair but it is totally worth it, and the moment you are praised with your teacher and given an A, you see that everything was worth it!

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Community Action Plan with Tri-fold brochure and 5 slide powerpoint Essay

Community Action Plan with Tri-fold brochure and 5 slide powerpoint - Essay Example Obesity is an epidemic that affects people not only in the US but worldwide. Nearly 59 million adults are obese and the percentage of children who are obese has doubled in the past twenty years. Obesity is a chronic disease that can result in serious health problems to its victims. Obesity among children in the US has serious health and social implication. These effects are all over including Wheat Ridge Colorado. Though a recent study ranked Colorado as lowest in obesity rate, there is still a problem. Obesity rate has doubled from 10.7 percent in 1995(Nathalia, 2012, p. 1). This increase in obesity rate in Colorado drives the motives of this paper. This community action plan therefore aims at reducing obesity rate in Wheat Ridge as a step to contribute to the overall obesity rate in Colorado. Symptoms Obesity is mainly due to one being overweight. Obesity among children and adults is on the rise in Colorado and all over the US. Children are taking more calories than before. They ar e eating many less healthy foods and drinking beverages that are more sugary. The problem becomes worse by the fact these children no longer walk or bike to school than it was several years ago. The situation is therefore very clear from this perspective. More sugar in the body plus less energy expenditure equal obesity especially in children. Many evidences suggest that obesity is mainly due to a combination of both genetics and environmental factors. People who eat food with many calories and reduce less energy through physical activity are more likely be overweight than other children. Obesity may have a variety of biological syndromes however; some degree of BMI is genetic. Obesity is mainly due to an increase in weight gain in excess of the expenditure(Trujillo, 2007, p. 3). Diagnosis The Colorado Children Campaign defines Obesity by the measurement of the â€Å"body mass index† (BMI). This is a measure of a person’s body weight in relation to the height. Diagnosi s of this public health issues involves comparing the BMI values with standard references of the same measurements. According to the Colorado Children Campaign (CDC), children with BMIs above the 85th percentile are at risk of becoming obese. Those with BMIs over 95th percentile are already overweight. This diagnosis of obesity is from the 2000 CDC growth charts for US(Trujillo, 2007, p. 1). In 2005, about 29 percent of children in Colorado between the age of 2 and 14 were overweight or at risk of becoming overweight. During the same year, 53 percent of Colorado adults were overweight or obese. If this trend continues at the same rate, then by 2020, 76 percent of all the residents in Colorado will be obese. Obesity can result in many health problems for instance in Colorado obesity is associated with a third of premature deaths. Obesity is because of many factors which act together to cause the health problem. One of the biggest causes of overweight in kids is the increase in the co nsumption of beverages with high sugar content for instance the increase in consumption of soda among most kids. Increased access to fast foods is also contributing to the high levels of calories in obese people. Most of the kids today spent most of their time watching television instead of engaging in play and games. This reduces the amount of energy expend thereby making such kids susceptible

Thursday, October 31, 2019

UWB Ad-Hoc Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

UWB Ad-Hoc Networks - Essay Example gnal has a bandwidth that exceeds the lesser of 500 MHz or 20% of the center frequency, there is an authorized unlicensed use of the frequency range starting from 3.1 GHz and up to 10.6GHz, also the emission limit is -41.3 dBm/MHz. This technology uses the Impulse Ratio (IR) method for its transmission; the rate is different for radar and imaging purposes to the communication purposes. The rate of impulses for radar and imaging is in the range of 1 to 100 mega pulses per second. The communication rate can be in a range of 1 to 2 giga pulses per second. This diagram shows how much faster Ultra Wide Band technology is over any existing current technologies also it provides a high level of mobility which is important for a mobile devices it is intended for. The advantage of UWB over traditional radio transmissions is that traditional way would be to modulate the frequency and phase of the signal as well as power, of a sinusoidal wave. However UWB transmits impulse at a specific time, there fore it allows pulse position modulation and time modulation. Among the advantages of UWB that helps to prevent multi path propagation. It gives the possibility of the system to establish the time for an impulse to travel from the transmitter to the receiver in the direct path. The other advantage of UWB IR system is the short length of pulses does not allow them to overlap so the multipath fading is not an issue in this case. On the other hand in a system with high pulse rate there can be inter-path interference, it can be eliminated by error correction coding at the receiver. UWB can be combined with multiple antenna technology that doesn’t only allow increase in transmission speed but increases the reliability of the channel, there are a number of solutions that can increase the transmission speed over the regular SISO (single-input single-output); Technologies like multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) allows reaching gigabits per second range of transmission speed.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Assignment on Eastern and Western Europe Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Eastern and Western Europe - Assignment Example Due to the second World War, the so called Iron Curtain was established in Eastern and Central Europe. During this time, the Soviet Union established a strong program of influence on many of these Eastern Bloc countries, making them so called satellite states, under complete control of the Soviet Union, sometimes through its support of autocratic dictators. This reflected the historical problems of approaching true communism from an Eastern Bloc perspective, as a direct result of the growing tensions between the USA and USSR in post-World War II Berlin. After the closing off of Berlin and the separation of an entire city by the infamous Berlin Wall, the stage was set for the metaphor of the literal division of Europe. In the west, there was a lot of cultural and hegemonic influence from societies based on the concept of approaching socialism in some cases, but not true communism, and in many cases, very strong capitalism. In the east, there was the dominance of the Soviet power, whic h then aligned with local power in the creation of Eastern and Central European puppet regimes. #2 Central European countries that were more â€Å"Western† in their focus included Hungary and Poland. â€Å"Eastern† countries included the Baltic states and more northern areas. Poland seems to the lay person to be more similar to Germany than to Russia. The Czech Republic seems closer to Germany as well, considering the amount of German spoken there. Hungary seems more Russian, as do the Baltics. Of course, there are objective and subjective considerations to keep in mind, when it comes to ascribing national characteristics, or characteristics that are seen or said to be based on nationality. In any case, the cultural influence of other states and cultures can be divided between western and eastern ideas, in terms of political structure, and if the east is considered to be

Sunday, October 27, 2019

UK NHS Framework for Coronary Heart Disease | Analysis

UK NHS Framework for Coronary Heart Disease | Analysis A Critical Analysis of the Impact of a Current Healthcare Policy on a Group of Clients/Users Introduction In considering the impact of a current healthcare policy on a group of clients/users, the United Kingdom’s National Service Framework (NSF) for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), offers a classical example for examination of the foregoing. In particular women as a subject group provides an interesting basis by which to analyze user experience, quality of service as well as fairness/justice. Globally, 10 million of the 27 million deaths of women are as a result of Coronary Heart Disease with one third of the foregoing total, 10 million, occurring in developed countries (Bonita, 2000). And while Coronary Heart Disease is known to be a leading cause of death among men, it is also ‘the’ leading cause of death for European women (Mcguire, 2000). In the United Kingdom Coronary Heart Disease is the number one cause of premature death among both men and women and shows a marked skew with regard to social classification. The death rate attributed to Coronary Heart Disease among males from manual worker classifications is forty percent (40%) higher than for those from non-manual segments (National Health Service, 2005). And while coronary heart disease is four to five times more prevalent in males than females for the age groups under 65, the gap narrows considerably after this age. And this particular age occurrence discrepancy is one of the critical sources of misunderstanding, focus, appropriation, resources and service as the medical profession, insurance industry, and public in general tend to view coronary heart disease as primarily affecting males. And while the preceding is true, in terms of the age groups under 65 (Mcguire, 2000), the fact is that women live longer than men thus as the incidence of coronary heart disease and the associated care is spread out over a longer period as well as at a more advanced age. The circumstantial inequities that the preceding give or gave rise to shall be the examination points addressed herein in terms of considerations with respect to the impact of current health care policy in terms of analyzing user experience, quality of service as well as fairness/justice, with particular emphasis on women. In order to accomplish this broad and sweeping analysis, an understanding of the disease, and allied points will need to be established to provide the foundation from which to reach a determination as to the three subject areas indicated. Coronary Heart Disease A distressing fact that has been uncovered as a result of a study by the World Health Organization (1997) is that coronary heart disease is rising in developed countries. The World Health Organization (1997) attributed the foregoing to the increased overall age of relative populations as well as the onset of increasingly poor health behavioral patterns. Dr. Abby King (2000) indicated that of the forty plus studies that have been undertaken on a global basis concerning various aspects of coronary heart disease it was found that there was a correlation between physical activity and premature mortality. Dr. King (2000) stated that said study consisted of a field that was comprised thirty-three percent (33%) of woman. Said studies have shown that inactivity in women revealed on average a two-fold risk or the development of cardiovascular problems as compared to their peers who were or are more active. It was also uncovered through these studies that the economic costs in terms of not onl y the direct treatment but also, those associated with the relative inactivity of patients amounted to substantial outlays. The increase in coronary heart disease has also been attributed to the elevated cholesterol levels that are prevalent in Western countries. Dr. Anita Schmeiser-Rieder (2000) has found that approximately forty percent (40%) of women above the age of fifty-five (55) have serum cholesterol levels that are elevated. Dr. Schmeiser-Rieder (2000) indicated that the preceding condition peaked in women between the ages of sixty-five (65) and seventy-four (74) and that fully sixty-one percent (61%) of those researched had hypercholesterlomia. The disturbing finding that was uncovered in studies by the World Health Organization (1997) is that coronary heart disease and stroke will continue to be the leading cause of death among both men and women over the next twenty years, increasing to the second and third causes of death from its present ranking of fifth and sixth by 2020. The World Health Organization (1997) cites that the major causes of both stroke and coronary heart disease are: smoking high blood pressure cholesterol body mass index And while studies conducted by the WHO (World Health Organization) MONICA (2000) Project shows a decline in smoking trends, a rise in smoking among young woman as well as adult women has been noted in: Russia (Novosirbirsk) Germany (Augsberg) Belgium Spain (Catalonia), and Poland, where the recorded increase has been as much as ten percent (10%). As the number one cause of stroke and coronary heart disease, the rise in female smoking is alarming, made even more dramatic by the fact that females historically smoke less than their male counterparts across all age groups. The findings of varied studies has conclusively indicated that the incidence of stroke and coronary heart disease increases with respect to those individuals whose lifestyles expose them to the additional risks that are associated with the two conditions. The World Health Organization (1997) has determined that changes in lifestyle as well as personal habits effectively reduce the risk associated with contracting these diseases. The foregoing is of particular significance to women, as the emphasis on efforts to change lifestyles and habits has been primarily focused upon the male segment of the population whose rate of incidence with respect to stroke and coronary heart disease has been higher. The corresponding increase in poor lifestyle and smoking habits among females in the countries indicated reveals that such an approach has not only been short sighted, by failed to take into account the longer life cycle of females thus increasing the onset of coronary heart disease and stroke in later years as a result of higher age where female incidents almost match those of males. The foregoing factors are important base line informational points to develop an understanding of the varied inputs and considerations that comprise the complex variables inherent in equating the range of aspects to be addressed in analyzing user experience, quality of service as well as fairness/justice. The preceding points out the need to utilize what is termed as a ‘high reach’ strategy (Bonita, 2000) that reaches both the male and female segments of the population in terms of alerting them to the relative risks, preventive measures, lifestyle augmentation, and allied aspects known to have demonstrated a decrease in stroke and coronary heart disease when utilized in a proper manner. Such an initiative when conducted on a population-wide (high reach) basis helps to alert individuals to the relative dangers and causes of high blood pressure, negative connotations associated with smoking and lack of physical activity, the three highest contributors to the condition. Alerting populations to reduce the intake of salt, alcohol, saturated fat as well as the benefits of increased physical activity would reduce the relative levels of blood pressure and thus the corresponding reduction in medical costs assumed not only by individuals, but society at large. By combining the aforementioned with what is termed a high-risk strategy (Bonita, 2000), in efforts that are directed at the identification of women in this category, along with offering treatment to the women within this group whose risk factor(s) are above the norm in terms of the potential for a coronary disease event can generate significant improvements in long term results. The utilization of educational media efforts in combination with treatment availability is a preventive measure that recognizes the need to head off the high costs of medical facilities, and allied costs to the government via preventive measures. As the subject country being utilized for this examination is the United Kingdom, the foregoing is applicable. The same holds true for countries where insurance coverage’s are used to supplement individual treatment costs, along with the calculated losses to society with respect to the associated costs that accompany coronary heart disease events. In the case of the United Kingdom, with the taxpayers bearing the cost of medical care under the country’s socialized medical program, the realities of the treatment and after care costs of coronary heart disease are a real expenditure concern. In particular the recognition of the heretofore hidden costs in this area as a result of the scant attention paid to the real costs associated with women, the foregoing represents an opportunity to make an significant impact in cost controls, and more importantly the health of an entire segment of the population. And while women as a group have an overall lower absolute risk factor than men, in terms of the potential for women to have a coronary heart disease event, this differs depending upon the age group category. As indicated by Dr. Anita Schmeiser-Rieder (2000), forty percent (40%) of females who are above the age of fifty-five (55) years of age have elevated cholesterol levels and this condition actually peaked for the age group between sixty-five (65) through seventy-four (74) where sixty-one percent (61%) if the research group had this condition. The aforementioned supports the view that strategies aimed at high-reach in conjunction with high-risk represent a necessary approach to bring the incident of the risk of conditions that contribute to increased onset of coronary heart disease under preventive type control program measures. The preceding analysis takes on additional importance when one considers that estimates regarding the probability factors concerning woman above the age of fifty, as well as the increased incidence of smoking in young women and the need for education regarding lifestyle and health preventive measures to reduce probabilities later in life represent contributory factors that can be somewhat controlled. Prevention approaches to call attention to the risks of smoking, high cholesterol diets, and the lack of proper exercise represent measures that have shown to produce a reduction in coronary heart disease numbers over specified periods. Classified as lifestyle and personal habit changes, the reduction or elimination of known contributors that increase the potential of CHD (Coronary Heart Disease) has yielded positive results. It is important to note that in the instance of women, the absolute risk of coronary heart disease remains at relatively low levels until they reach their seventies and eighties, however, the reduction in conditions attributable to said condition in earlier years has been shown as a positive preventive measure (Bonita, 2000). As pointed out by Dr. Bonita (2000) the primary contributors to the coronary heart disease epidemic are: the onset of population aging, rapid urbanization, changes in nutrition, and smoking patterns, along with reduced physical activity Any program that purports to achieve relative success will need to incorporate the preceding along with post CHD treatment and follow up measures as well. Cardiac Rehabilitation Services The United Kingdom’s National Service Framework for coronary heart disease is under a revision program which the Secretary of State for Health, Alan Milburn, states the primary focus is the â€Å"saving of lives† by the reduction of â€Å"†¦the death rate from heart disease and †¦ stroke †¦Ã¢â‚¬  by â€Å"†¦ two fifths†¦Ã¢â‚¬  for individuals under the age of seventy-five (75) by the year 2010 (National Health Service, 2005). The preceding will be accomplished through the following measures (National Health Service, 2005): the development of a new vision concerning coronary heart disease, the establishment of a government-wide agenda, further development and improvement of the National Service Framework for CHD providing effective services to all individuals in the United Kingdom that can benefit The preceding directly address the three points user experience, quality of service as well as fairness/justice, along with other concerns. Through the modernization of the National Health Service’s treatment, care and public awareness approaches the objective is to improve the foregoing across age, gender, cultural, race, disability, locale, and religious lines, as well as being â€Å"†¦ responsive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to the needs of individuals (National Health Service, 2005). Some examples of the need to revise and modernize the system is evidenced by the following facts (National Health Service, 2005): The wives of workers in the manual class are at twice the risk factor in developing coronary heart disease and stroke than the wives of workers whose jobs are of a non-manual classification. The morbidity rate among the manual class group is also higher than in the non-manual group designation, and this group also reflects increased incidences of angina, heart attack and stroke. The disparity in come between poor and rich has widened over the previous twenty years creating a further gap in health survivability as the more affluent segment of society has been able to afford private medical care as well as increased nutritional guidance and lifestyles that promote as well as can afford more physical activity. Historical records have shown that death rates are higher in the northern locales of the United Kingdom, representing almost three times the rate for individuals over the age of sixty-five (65) in cities such as Manchester than for Richmond or Kingston. The preceding further illustrates the inequities in terms of user experience, quality of service as well as fairness/justice. The new National Health Service program sets forth that it seeks significant improvement in the following areas, all of which will enhance the indicated three examination points (National Health Service, 2005): Standards The National Health Service is aiming to establish a ‘standard of care’ that includes an invitation for individuals whom have been admitted to a hospital for coronary heart disease to participate in programs consisting of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention. The preceding is aimed at reducing future risk of cardiac problems and to help them to return to a normal life. Rationale Admission to a hospital represents individuals whose condition is severe. This signals that their lifestyles to this point have consisted of various high-risk exposures, such as smoking, high cholesterol diets, and other conditions that if changed can lead to significant improvements in rehabilitation. To accomplish the preceding said patients must be analyzed and then coached concerning the lifestyle changes and modifications needed to aid them in returning to a healthier manner of living to reduce future incidents and effect recovery. The World Health Organization (1997) defines cardiac rehabilitation as consisting of a â€Å"†¦ sum of activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ that are necessary to effectively influence and identify the underlying causes of the disease to individuals through their own actions can help to effect their recovery. Through increasing the quality of service that offers comprehensive assistance that is custom tailored to their individual circumstances. The aforementioned provides the foundation to enable counseling and aiding individuals in understanding ways in which to change their lifestyle habits, as well as better understand their illness and effect the transition back to as normal and full a life as possible. The aim is to make rehabilitation â€Å"†¦ an integral†¦Ã¢â‚¬  aspect of the active as well as secondary preventive care regime. By establishing rehabilitative procedures immediately after discharge and the establishment of a long term formal program that focuses on returnin g the individual to the best health possible the government estimates a net gain of approximately  £15,700 per instance over a three year period. In the case of women, they represent one third of the individuals with coronary heart disease, yet just fifteen percent (15%) of their total utilize rehabilitative services (Green, 2000). The attention to improving the quality of service the initiative also aims at removing the disproportionate care provided that does not adequately cover rural parts of the country. Effective Interventions Participation barriers can be a result of varied causes, such as the lack of proper motivation to difficulties in attending rehabilitative sessions. In the case of women it was discovered that there was a lack of appropriate provisions, which the current modernization program seeks to correct to provide fairness as well as justice throughout the system. The foregoing also includes minority groups as well. In terms of improving the quality of service the new program consists of Four Phases (National Health Service, 2005): Phase 1 This Phase comes into effect before the discharge of an individual from the hospital, and is to be offered as a part of the acute care plan. It includes the following elements: review and assessment of psychological, physical and social needs for rehabilitation development of a written plan to meet identified needs counseling and advice on detrimental lifestyle aspects such as smoking, cholesterol, exercise, alcohol, etc. prescribing of medication and education on its proper use information concerning cardiac support groups Phase 2 As part of the early post discharge period individuals will receive the following: a comprehensive assessment of their cardiac risk which will include their psychological, social and physical needs for rehabilitation and the plan to achieve these ends lifestyle advice from trained therapists resuscitation training for members of the affected individual’s family Phase 3 This segment of the four phase plan comes into utilization four weeks after the cardiac events initial phase and consists of a series of structured exercise sessions along with ongoing access to support and advice from people trained to provide them with psychological interventions, promotion of health, exercise and associated advice. Phase 4 The final aspect of the four-tiered program that consists of: long term primary care follow up local cardiac support group involvement referrals to identified support services as initiated in Phase 1 The modernized and revised National Service Framework is a highly structured series of interlocking programs that are designed to alleviate as well as eliminate the missing components of the prior coronary heart disease plan which evolved over decades, into a comprehensive system that has been revised based upon today’s understandings. It aims to achieve coverage of all groups and categories of individuals through education, assessment, contact and a cardiac event that provides qualified, balanced and comprehensive coverage and care whose major components are as follows (National Health Service, 2005): The identification of individuals that are likely to benefit from a structured cardiac rehabilitation program before discharge from a hospital, the assessment of individual risks as well as needs, along with the development of a structured plan to achieve successful cardiac rehabilitation, the documentation and provision to deliver the proper treatment as well as advice the integration of required and agreed upon care that is weaved into the patients local network of primary and secondary treatment, preventive and related care, The experiences gained under the prior system, as well as all of the inequities have been addressed under the National Health Service’s new modernization plan that provides and sets relevant standards with effective interventions under structured service models that define and addresses the immediate priorities of each individual patient. Conclusion The scope and complexity that comprises the field of coronary heart disease makes this a subject whereby the factors inherent in its causes as well as manifestations entail equating aspects of human behavior across the entire spectrum of demographic, cultural, social and psychological realms to codify commonalities and possible associative elements that tend to explain the reasons and causes for the world’s most pervasive killer. As the field of examination represents healthcare, the core of understanding evolves an evolutionary process based upon decades of exposure, analysis and experience gained within the United Kingdom as well as on the world stage. The National Health Service has recognized the significance of the preceding and has crafted a program that seeks to build upon the known(s) within the subject field in a program that is flexible enough to improve upon itself to incorporate those aspects, considerations and new understandings that will inevitably will occur wi th new discoveries and as a result of the comprehensive data based system that will permit further modification and evolution. Thus, user experience, along with quality of service, and fairness/justice with respect to the new National Service Framework has been addressed to exclude the existing inequities and shortcomings, yet understands that it is an evolutionary process that will continue to modify and improve upon itself using past experiences along with the new framework as the foundation from which to accomplish this. The Secretary of State for Health, Alan Milburn (2000) firmly establishes the preceding in referring to the â€Å"†¦ National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as the nation’s â€Å"†¦ blueprint for tackling heart disease†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mr. Milburn’s statement goes on to add that the new ‘Framework† is based upon the understanding and recognition of past inequities and shortcomings which this new initiative addresses, along with the understanding of â€Å"†¦ the importance of modern prevention and primary care as well as the contribution of the more specialized services.† The fact that the National Health Service has undertaken this modernization program clearly indicates that it understood and recognized the prior user experience, service quality and fairness/justice components needed considerable improvement. Regardless of how deeply one would delve into the inequities of the past, there could be an argument made for areas and points that were not covered, as the list is extensive. And no matter how comprehensive the present system is, it is an evolutionary framework that will have its own initial and ongoing issues and inequities to face as well as resolve. The difference between the two systems is that the present one was developed with the understanding that it will continue to improve upon itself as it learns from its base of past expertise. In the complex and ever changing world of medical care, the preceding is all that can be asked from its healthcare agency, with the understanding that no matter how comprehensive the plan, modern changes and developments can and will render segments as obsolete, thus the need for a built in foundation that incorporates this as its framework. The very fact that past user experience, service quality and fairness/justice had shortcomings, along with other points is the reason behind the new Framework initiative, and this in itself is a progressive view that is responsive to the needs of the populace, which is the rationale for the government’s existence. Bibliography Bonita, Ruth, M.D. 2000. Woman, Heart Disease, and Stroke: A Global Perspective. Article at The First National Conference on Woman, Heart Disease and Stroke: Science and Policy in Action. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Green, D.G., Casper, L. 2000. Delay, Denial and Dilution. IEA Health and Welfare Unit, London, the United Kingdom King, Abby, M.D. 2000. Physical Activity as a Contributor to Heart Disease in Woman. Article at The First National Conference on Woman, Heart Disease and Stroke: Science and Policy in Action. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Maguire, Peg. 2000. Coronary Heart Disease, Not for Men Only. Article at The First National Conference on Woman, Heart Disease and Stroke: Science and Policy in Action. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada National Health Service. 2005. Coronary Heart Disease. National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease: Modern Standards Service Models, The United Kingdom Schmeiser-Rieder, Anita, MD. 2000. Cholesterol Levels in Woman in the Western World. Article at The First National Conference on Woman, Heart Disease and Stroke: Science and Policy in Action. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada WHO MONICA Project. 2000. WHO Mortality Data Base. World Health Organization, Geneva , Switzerland World Health Organization. 1997. Annual Report. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland What is Liposuction? What is Liposuction? Liposuction – a way of getting rid of that extra fat on the body! In the busy world of today, managing time in our daily routine has become the most difficult thing to do! Because of which, people barely get time to exercise and keep themselves fit. And to add on to it, canned food exists in opulence! In a world which is ideal, Liposuction (Fat removal) would not be needed. Everyone would eat moderately, in the appropriate quantities and would exercise. But the world is far from ideal! And hence, with each passing year, Plastic Surgery for unwanted fat removal or Liposuction is becoming more and more favourite among the people! Everybody wants to look fit and healthy. Being overweight can be a factor of embarrassment and may be a social stigma. Obese (overweight) people when stigmatized, may even feel a bit low on confidence! Hence, to get rid of this embarrassment and in order to look presentable, such people seek for Liposuction/ Fat Removal treatment. Let’s find out more about this ‘Liposuction’ treatment: What exactly is Liposuction? The literary meaning of the term â€Å"Liposuction† is removal of fat from the body with help of suction. At the time of this procedure, thin, small, blunt-tipped tubes (cannula) are inserted through small incisions (cuts) in the skin. The doctor moves the tubes around under the skin to direct at specific fat deposits. The fat is thus suctioned out through these tubes. Non-surgical Liposuction: A substitute to surgical liposuction wherein different technologies are used to liquefy fat using non-invasive methods like lasers, ultrasonics and injections of chemical agents. With the advent of newer modern and improved techniques/ methods, Liposuction has become much easier, safer and less painful. These modern techniques are as following: Tumescent Liposuction: The area where the tube is to be inserted, a local anesthetic is used for numbing that particular area from where the fat is to be suctioned out. After that, a large amount of an anesthetic solution consisting of epinephrine and lidocaine is injected into the fatty tissue before suctioning out the fat. General anesthesia may not be required in this kind of procedure. Ultrasound-assisted Liposuction: In this method, ultrasound is used for liquefying the fat, thus making the fat removal easier. This kind of technique may prove beneficial in case of removing fat from the sides, upper abdomen and back. Laser-assisted Liposuction: In this method, low-energy waves are utilized for liquification of the fat, which is then removed with the help of a small cannula. The procedure is generally carried out as an outpatient procedure in a properly equipped Doctor’s office, surgical center or a hospital. Only when a large amount of fat is required to be removed from the body, an overnight hospital stay would be needed. In such a case, a deep sedation or general anesthesia with a local anesthetic may be administered. Why is it done? The chief motive behind Liposuction is to re-shape one or more regions in your body and NOT to reduce body weight. The â€Å"problem† areas which do not react to diet and exercise, are tackled by carrying out Liposuction. These areas are namely – the outer thighs and hips in case of female and the waist and the back in case of men. Also, the areas that are generally treated using Liposuction are – the face, neck, back, abdomen, upper arms, legs and buttocks. Liposuction may at times be carried out along with certain other Cosmetic Surgery procedures viz. â€Å"Tummy tuck† (Abdominoplasty), Face-Lift or Breast Reduction. A few clinical conditions may be treated with the help of Liposuction, which include the following: Abnormal enlargement of the male breasts (Gynecomastia or Pseudogynecomastia) Benign fatty tumours (Lipomas) Excessive sweating in the armpits (Axillary hyperhidrosis) Problems with fat metabolism in the body (Lipodystrophy) Liposuction is not used to get rid of Obesity. It will NOT help to clear out cellulite or stretch marks. What to anticipate after the treatment? After the procedure has been carried out, the treated area is tightly wrapped in order to diminish swelling, pain and bruising. Elastic bandages and tape, a special girdle or some type of fitting garment may be used, based on the area that has been treated. The patient may need to wear the compression garment for about 3-4 weeks. At least for the first 7-10 days, a lot of bruising and swelling is expected to occur. The fluid may evacuate from the site of incision for a few days. The patient may be prescribed antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection. After the procedure has finished, and the effect of anesthesia and sedation has been subsided, most of the patients may resume their daily activities as and when they feel comfortable. In case of larger areas undergoing liposuction, recovery may take a bit longer. Outcomes of the Surgery: When carried out in small regions on the body, Liposuction may give out the best desired results. But in case where a person regains weight after undergoing the procedure, the fatty bulges that were removed earlier are most likely to reappear or appear in another place. There may be quite notable changes observed in the body contour immediately after the surgery. It may take several months to a year for the full effects of the surgery to show up. Liposuction does not necessarily tighten the skin around the treated region. After the fat removal has been done, the skin around that region may become a bit loose. For the skin to tighten, it may take up to 6 months. In case of young people, skin retraction is faster. Every surgical procedure has its own advantages and disadvantages. And when it comes to Cosmetic Surgery, it’s no different! There are some risks that are involved with the procedure of Liposuction. Let’s have a look as to what complications may arise after the Fat Removal Surgery: If Liposuction is carried out by an experienced Cosmetic Surgeon in a well equipped surgical setup, it is usually safe. In cases, where a larger amount of area or more than one area have undergone the surgery, the chances of complications arising are more. Bruising, swelling (which is temporary), numbness and soreness in and around the region treated Minor scarring and irritation at the site of insertion of cannula Rippling or baggy skin Certain less common risks include: Uneven skin surface over the region treated Permanent change in colour of the skin Damage to the skin and the nerves, particularly in case of Ultrasound-assisted Liposuction It is very important for people to be careful and not gain extra weight after the surgery. As it may result in fat deposition in certain other parts which are deep inside the body, such as the internal organs like heart, liver etc. Such type of fat deposition can be more fatal. Dangerous risks include: Blood clots or fat clots, which may travel to the lungs (Pulmonary embolism) Excessive blood or fluid loss which may result in Shock Pulmonary edema – fluid accumulation in the lungs Toxic reaction to injected solution, particularly in cases when larger areas are treated. People who have severe heart problems, or blood clotting disorders or pregnant females should NOT undergo Liposuction procedure. Things to note: Liposuction is NOT a mean for reducing weight and it is never an alternative to exercise and a balanced diet. As a matter of fact, most of the Cosmetic Surgeons are of the opinion that the best candidates to undergo Liposuction would be healthy people who are at or very close to a healthy weight but who have stubborn fat deposit which does not respond well to exercise. Liposuction should be carried out only by an experienced Cosmetic Surgeon who is well-trained in Liposuction and knows well how to tackle the complications during surgery.